In this follow-up to the bestselling Histories of Nations, leading historians from around the globe revisit the great revolutions of modern history and explore their meaning today.

Introduction: Peter Furtado The English Revolution 1642-89: Simon Jenkins The American Revolution 1776-88: Ray Raphael The French Revolution 1789-99: Sophie Wahnich The Haitian Revolution 1791-1804: Bayyinah Bello The Year of Revolutions 1848: Axel Körner Japan: The Meiji Restoration 1867: Shin Kawashima The Young Turk Revolution 1908: Mehmed Sükrü Hanioglu The Mexican Revolution 1910-17: Javier Garciadiego The Irish Revolution 1913-23: Diarmaid Ferriter Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution 1917: Dina Khapaeva The Indian Revolution 1919-47: Mihir Bose The Vietnamese Revolution 1945: Stein Tønnesson China's Communist Revolution 1949-76: Mobo Gao The Cuban Revolution 1959-2000: Luis Martinez Fernandez The Student Revolution 1968: Stephen Barnes Portugal: The Carnation Revolution 1974: Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge Revolution 1975-79: Sorpong Peou The Iranian Revolution 1979: Homa Katouzian Nicaragua: The Sandinista Revolution 1979-1990: Mateo Jarquin Poland: The Solidarity Revolution 1981-89: Anita Prazmowska Eastern Europe 1989: Vladimir Tismaneanu and Andres Garcia South Africa: The End of Apartheid 1990-1994: Thula Simpson Ukraine: The Orange Revolution 2004: Yaroslav Hrytsak Egypt: The Arab Spring 2011: Yasser Thabet