Provides the tools needed to analyze and solve acid drainage problemsFeaturing contributions from leading experts in science and engineering, this book explores the complex biogeochemistry of acid mine drainage, rock drainage, and acid sulfate soils. It describes how to predict, prevent, and remediate the environmental impact of acid drainage and the oxidation of sulfides, offering the latest sampling and analytical methods. Moreover, readers will discover new approaches for recovering valuable resources from acid mine drainage, including bioleaching.Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils reviews the most current findings in the field, offering new insights into the underlying causes as well as new tools to minimize the harm of acid drainage:* Part I: Causes of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils focuses on the biogeochemistry of acid drainage in different environments.* Part II: Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils covers stream characterization, aquatic and biological sampling, evaluation of aquatic resources, and some unusual aspects of sulfide oxidation.* Part III: Prediction and Prevention of Acid Drainage discusses acid-base accounting, kinetic testing, block modeling, petrology, and mineralogy studies. It also explains relevant policy and regulations.* Part IV: Remediation of Acid Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils examines both passive and active cleanup methods to remediate acid drainage.Case studies from a variety of geologic settings highlight various approaches to analyzing and solving acid drainage problems. Replete with helpful appendices and an extensive list of web resources, Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils is recommended for mining engineers and scientists, regulatory officials, environmental scientists, land developers, and students.

PREFACE ixCONTRIBUTORS xiiiPART I CAUSES OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS1 Acid Drainage and Sulfide Oxidation: Introduction 3James A. Jacobs and Stephen M. Testa2 Vitriols in Antiquity 9Stephen M. Testa3 Biogeochemistry of Acid Drainage 15James A. Jacobs and David B. Vance4 Trace Element Geochemistry and Acid Rock Drainage 53Bruce W. Downing and John Gravel5 The Microbiology of Acid Drainage 61Bruce W. Downing6 Natural Acid Rock Generation, Drainage, and Metal Leaching: Impact on Exploration, Mining, and Reclamation 67Bruce W. Downing7 The Sulfur Cycle: Acid Drainage and Beyond 81David B. VancePART II ASSESSMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS8 Sampling Strategies for Acid Drainage Studies 99James A. Jacobs9 Stream Characterization for Acid Mine Drainage 105Jeff Skousen and James A. Jacobs10 Overview of Soil and Groundwater Sampling Methods for Acid Drainage Studies 119James A. Jacobs11 Acid Drainage Sampling Design and Sample Preparation 123Bruce W. Downing12 Acid Drainage and Aquatic Resources 131Dennis R. Neuman, Stuart R. Jennings, and James A. Jacobs13 Metals Associated with Acid Rock Drainage and Their Effect on Fish Health and Ecosystems 139Dennis R. Neuman, Peter J. Brown, and Stuart R. Jennings14 Biological Sampling and Inventory Process 171Jeff Skousen, Craig Mains, and James A. Jacobs15 Acid Rock Drainage as Related to Permafrost, Glaciers, and Climate Change 185Bruce W. Downing and James A. Jacobs16 Acid Sulfate Soils 191James A. Jacobs17 Prevention of Arsenic Mobilization Related to Sulfide Oxidation in Aquifers 197Mark S. Pearce, Mike Waldron, and James A. JacobsPART III PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS18 Overview of Acid Drainage Prediction and Prevention 207Stuart R. Jennings and James A. Jacobs19 Acid-Base Accounting Associated with Acid Rock Drainage 217Bruce W. Downing20 Acid-Base Accounting Test Procedures 229Bruce W. Downing21 Kinetic Testing Procedures 253Bruce W. Downing22 Kinetic Testing Data Interpretation 261Bruce W. Downing23 Block Modeling and Acid Rock Drainage Prediction 267Bruce W. Downing and Gary Giroux24 Lithogeochemical Methods for Acid Rock Drainage Prediction 273Bruce W. Downing and Hans E. Madeisky25 Predicting Acid Rock Drainage Based on Mineralogy and Petrology Studies 285Shannon Shaw and Bruce W. Downing26 Management and Analysis of Acid Drainage Data 293Bruce W. Downing27 Acid Generation and Drainage Workshop: Example Calculations and Solved Problems 305Jeff Skousen, Paul Ziemkiewicz, and James A. Jacobs28 Mine Reclamation Policy and Regulations of Selected Jurisdictions 319James A. Jacobs and Stephen M. TestaPART IV REMEDIATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS29 Overview of Acid Mine Drainage Treatment with Chemicals 327Jeff Skousen30 Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage 339Carl Zipper and Jeff Skousen31 The Iron Mountain Mine in Shasta County, California 355James A. Jacobs and Stephen M. Testa32 Overview of Resources from Acid Drainage and Postmining Opportunities 361James A. Jacobs33 Systematic Land Reclamation Assessment at Acid Mine Drainage Sites 377Pamela S. Blicker, Dennis R. Neuman, Stuart R. Jennings, and James A. Jacobs34 Resource Recovery 387Stephen M. Testa35 Case Studies for Acid Mine Drainage 407James A. Jacobs36 Sustainable Aquaculture Using Treated and Untreated Mine Water from Coal Mines 419Kenneth J. Semmens and James A. JacobsPART V APPENDIXESAppendix A Web Resources for Acid Drainage Issues 433Appendix B Acronyms Used in Acid Drainage Literature 435Appendix C Glossary of Acid Drainage and Mining Technical Terms 442Appendix D Chemical Equilibrium Diagrams 447Appendix E Soil and Groundwater Sampling Methods for Acid Drainage Studies 450Appendix F Conversion Factors and Datums 459Appendix G Nomenclature and Physical Characteristics of Pyrite 461Appendix H Summary of U.S. EPA Method 1627 Kinetic Test Procedure for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality 463Appendix I Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Decision Tree 475INDEX