This book presents strategies to reduce drug and chemical residues in food from livestock production, and also some of the newer technologies and theories that will shape drug residues management in the future. One of the novel features of this book is that it ties in the realities of veterinary clinical practice and use of these drugs in food animals with regulatory standards and mitigation practices. Highlighting approaches from around the world, the book details strategies to minimize contamination, residue monitoring programs, and classes of drugs and chemicals that pose contaminant risk in livestock. The first section focuses on strategies that are part of public policy in national and international agencies and how these agencies assess the toxicology of veterinary drugs and contaminants. These chapters provide a general introduction to basic pharmacokinetic principles pertaining to estimating a safe withdrawal time for veterinary drugs and contaminants. The second half focuses on the use of major drug classes in livestock food animal production systems and those drugs most likely targeted for regulatory policy, pharmacokinetic modelling, and chemical residue monitoring.

Preface vii Contributors ix 1 Importance of Veterinary Drug Residues 1 Ronald E. Baynes and Jim E. Riviere 2 Pharmacokinetic Principles for Understanding Drug Depletion as a Basis for Determination of Withdrawal Periods for Animal Drugs 9 Sanja Modric 3 Evaluation of Drug Residue Depletion in the Edible Products of Food-Producing Animals for Establishing Withdrawal Periods and Milk Discard Times 35 Dong Yan 4 Establishing Maximum Residue Limits in Europe 49 Kornelia Grein and Isaura Duarte 5 Methods to Derive Withdrawal Periods in the European Union 65 G. Johan Schefferlie and Stefan Scheid 6 Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Withdrawal Times 81 Sharon E. Mason 7 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling 95 Jennifer Buur 8 Residue Avoidance in Beef Cattle Production Systems 115 Virginia Fajt and Dee Griffin 9 Residue Avoidance in Dairy Cattle Production Systems 137 Geof Smith 10 Residue Avoidance in Aquaculture Production Systems 161 Renate Reimschuessel 11 Residue Avoidance in Small Ruminant Production Systems 193 Kevin Anderson and Reha Azizoglu 12 Residue Avoidance in Swine Production Systems 221 Ronald E. Baynes and Glen Almond 13 Confirmatory Methods for Veterinary Drugs and Chemical Contaminants in Livestock Commodities 233 Hui Li 14 The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank: An Example of Risk Management of Veterinary Drug Residues 289 Thomas W. Vickroy, Ronald E. Baynes, Lisa Tell and Jim E. Riviere 15 Risk Management of Chemical Contaminants in Livestock 303 Ronald E. Baynes and Jim E. Riviere Index 313