This book presents an in-depth study on the recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The authors describe the existing WSN applications and discuss the research efforts being undertaken in this field. Theoretical analysis and factors influencing protocol design are also highlighted. The authors explore state-of-the-art protocols for WSN protocol stack in transport, routing, data link, and physical layers. Moreover, the synchronization and localization problems in WSNs are investigated along with existing solutions. Furthermore, cross-layer solutions are described. Finally, developing areas of WSNs including sensor-actor networks, multimedia sensor networks, and WSN applications in underwater and underground environments are explored. The book is written in an accessible, textbook style, and includes problems and solutions to assist learning.Key Features:* The ultimate guide to recent advances and research into WSNs* Discusses the most important problems and issues that arise when programming and designing WSN systems* Shows why the unique features of WSNs - self-organization, cooperation, correlation -- will enable new applications that will provide the end user with intelligence and a better understanding of the environment* Provides an overview of the existing evaluation approaches for WSNs including physical testbeds and software simulation environments* Includes examples and learning exercises with a solutions manual; supplemented by an accompanying website containing PPT-slides.Wireless Sensor Networks is an essential textbook for advanced students on courses in wireless communications, networking and computer science. It will also be of interest to researchers, system and chip designers, network planners, technical mangers and other professionals in these fields.

Preface1 Introduction1.1 Sensor Mote Platforms1.2 Wireless Sensor Network Architecture and Protocol StackReferences2 Wireless Sensor Network Applications2.1 Military Applications2.2 Environmental Applications2.3 Health Applications2.4 Home Applications2.5 Industrial ApplicationsReferences3 Factors Influencing Wireless Sensor Network Design3.1 Hardware Constraints3.2 Fault Tolerance3.3 Scalability3.4 Production Costs3.5 Wireless Sensor Network Topology3.6 Transmission Media3.7 Power ConsumptionReferences4 Physical Layer4.1 Physical Layer Technologies4.2 Overview of RF Wireless Communication4.3 Channel Coding (Error Control Coding)4.4 Modulation4.5 Wireless Channel Effects4.6 PHY Layer StandardsReferences5 Medium Access Control (MAC)5.1 Challenges for Medium Access Control5.2 Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) Mechanism5.3 Contention based Medium Access5.4 Reservation based Medium Access5.5 Hybrid Medium AccessReferences6 Error Control6.1 Classification of Error Control Schemes6.2 Error Control in WSNs6.3 Crosslayer Analysis Model6.4 Comparison of Error Control SchemesReferences7 Network Layer7.1 Challenges for Routing7.2 Datacentric and Flat architecture Protocols7.3 Hierarchical Protocols7.4 Geographical Routing Protocols7.5 QoS based protocolsReferences8 Transport Layer8.1 Challenges for Transport Layer8.2 Reliable Multi Segment Transport (RMST) Protocol8.3 Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly (PSFQ) Protocol8.4 Congestion Detection and Avoidance (CODA) Protocol8.5 Event to Sink Reliable Transport (ESRT) Protocol8.6 GARUDA8.7 Real Time and Reliable Transport (RT)2 ProtocolReferences9 Application Layer9.1 Source Coding (Data Compression)9.2 Query Processing9.3 Network ManagementReferences10 Crosslayer Solutions10.1 Interlayer Effects10.2 Crosslayer Interactions10.3 Crosslayer ModuleReferences11 Time Synchronization11.1 Challenges for Time Synchronization11.2 Network Time Protocol11.3 Definitions11.4 Timing sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN)11.5 Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS)11.6 Adaptive Clock Synchronization (ACS)11.7 Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP)11.8 Rate based Diffusion Protocol (RDP)11.9 Tiny and Mini Sync Protocols11.10 Other ProtocolsReferences12 Localization12.1 Challenges in Localization12.2 Ranging Techniques12.3 Range based Localization Protocols12.4 Range free Localization ProtocolsReferences13 Topology Management13.1 Deployment13.2 Power Control13.3 Activity Scheduling13.4 ClusteringReferences14 Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks14.1 Characteristics of WSANs14.2 Sensor Actor Coordination14.3 Actor Actor Coordination14.4 WSAN Protocol StackReferences15 Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks15.1 Design Challenges15.2 Network Architecture15.3 Multimedia Sensor Hardware15.4 Physical Layer15.5 MAC Layer15.6 Error Control15.7 Network Layer15.8 Transport Layer15.9 Application Layer15.10 Crosslayer Design15.11 Further Research IssuesReferences16 Wireless Underwater Sensor Networks16.1 Design Challenges16.2 Underwater Sensor Network Components16.3 Communication Architecture16.4 Basics of Underwater Acoustic Propagation16.5 Physical Layer16.6 Medium Access Control Layer16.7 Network Layer16.8 Transport Layer16.9 Application Layer16.10 CrossLayer DesignReferences17 Wireless Underground Sensor Networks17.1 Applications17.2 Design Challenges17.3 Network Architecture17.4 Underground Wireless Channel for EM Waves17.5 Underground Wireless Channel for Magnetic Induction17.6 Wireless Communication in Underground Mines and Road/Subway Tunnels17.7 Communication ArchitectureReferences18 Grand Challenges18.1 Integration of Sensor Networks and Internet18.2 Realtime and Multimedia Communication18.3 Protocol Stack18.4 Synchronization and Localization18.5 WSNs in Challenging Environments18.6 Practical Considerations18.7 Wireless NanoSensor NetworksReferencesIndex