Based on a three-year multi-disciplinary international research project, Political and Civic Participation examines the interplay of factors affecting civic and political engagement and participation across different generations, nations and ethnic groups, and the shifting variety of forms this participation can take.

Section 1: Introduction 1. Political and civic engagement: Theoretical understandings, evidence and policies, Martyn Barrett and Bruna Zani Section 2: Theoretical understandings 2. Individual political participation and macro contextual determinants, Kate¿ina Vráblíková and Ond¿ej Císä 3. Influencing women¿s civic and political participation: Contextual and individual determinants, Yvonne Galligan 4. Participation and integration: The contextual factors influencing minority and migrant participation, Victoria Montgomery 5. How context shapes individual level determinants of political participation: The impact of multiple negative party identification on turnout in deeply divided Northern Ireland, John Garry 6. Standby citizens: Understanding non-participation in contemporary democracies, Erik Amnå and Joakim Ekman 7. Democratic ownership and deliberative participation, Cillian McBride 8. Social and psychological factors influencing political and civic participation: A psychosocial perspective, Elvira Cicognani and Bruna Zani 9. Explaining political participation: Integrating levels of analysis, Nicholas P. Emler 10.An integrative model of political and civic participation: Linking the macro, social and psychological levels of explanation, Martyn Barrett Section 3: Evidence 11. Political and civic participation: Findings from the modelling of existing survey data sets, Ian Brunton-Smith and Martyn Barrett 12. Civic organizations and the Internet as the opportunities for minority youth civic participation: Findings from the Czech Republic, Jan Šerek, Zuzana Petrovi¿ová, and Petr Macek 13. Participation and engagement of young people in Germany: Findings on adolescents and young adults of German and Turkish family background, Peter Noack and Philipp Jugert 14. Civic engagement among migrant youths in Sweden: Do parental norms or immigration generation matter? Yunhwan Kim and Erik Amnå 15. Predictors of civic and political participation among native and migrant youth in Italy: The role of organizational membership, sense of community and perceived social well being, Cinzia Albanesi, Davide Mazzoni, Elvira Cicognani and Bruna Zani 16. Participation among youth, women and migrants: Findings from the Wallonia-Brussels Federation of Belgium, Claire Gavray, Michel Born and Bernard Fournier 17. Participation among youth, women, and migrants: Findings from Portugal, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Carla Malafaia, Norberto Ribeiro and Isabel Menezes 18. Participation among Turkish, Roma and Bulgarian resettler youth living in Turkey, Tülin ¿ener 19. The expectations and understandings of influential others who can mobilise youth participation: Findings from England, Dimitra Pachi and Martyn Barrett Section 4: Policy 20. Europeanization of policy discourses on participation and active citizenship, Cristiano Bee and Roberta Guerrina 21. The `Europeanization¿ of gender policies in Portugal: Transformations in women¿s access to civil, political and social rights, Norberto Ribeiro, Pedro D. Ferreira, Carla Malafaia and Isabel Menezes 22. Government perspectives on civic and political participation of youth and women in Turkey: Deriving insights from policy documents, Sümercan Bozkurt, Figen Çok and Tülin ¿ener 23. Active citizenship in Italy and the UK: Comparing political discourse and practices of political participation, civic activism and engagement in policy processes, Cristiano Bee and Paola Villano Section 5: Reflections and extensions 24. Cross-national political and civic engagement research on European adolescents and young adults: Considerations at the individual, context, and process levels, Judith Torney-Purta and Jo-Ann Amadeo 25. The Council of Europe¿s work on "Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education" and its links to the PIDOP project, Reinhild Otte 26. In search of political participation, Giovanni Moro Appendix A: The focus group guide used in the PIDOP project Appendix B: The interview schedule used in the PIDOP project Appendix C: The questionnaire used in the PIDOP project Appendix D: The recommendations for policy, practice and intervention which emerged from the PIDOP project, Martyn Barrett and David Garbin