Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents the latest on the preparation, characterization, properties and applications of thermoset foams, aerogels and hydrogels. The book begins by introducing each of these concepts and their characteristics, current applications, potential for further development, and environmental impacts. This is followed by three sections, each focusing on foams, aerogels and hydrogels developed from a specific thermosetting polymer category, covering polyurethane, epoxy resins and formaldehyde. In each section, detailed coverage includes preparation, structure, characterization, properties, processing and applications based on material, along with key challenges in design, processing, implementation and solutions.This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students with an interest in thermoset lightweight materials across the disciplines of polymer science, chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science and engineering. The book will also be of interest to R&D professionals, engineers and scientists working with foams, hydrogels and aerogels for a range of applications and industries.

Section I: Introduction to Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels1. Introduction to foams, aerogels, hydrogels: Similarities and differences2. Opportunities and versatile applications of thermoset foams, aerogels, and hydrogels3. Environmental impact of thermoset resins, foams, aerogels, and hydrogelsSection II: Polyurethane-based Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels4. Polyurethane: Structure, characterization, and properties5. Polyurethane: Foaming processes and effect of process parameters on the properties of polyurethane 6. Polyurethane nanocomposite foams: Preparation, properties, and applications7. Polyurethane-based hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and modifications8. Polyurethane-based aerogels: Preparation and applications9. Polyurethane-based foam and aerogels for automotive and aerospace applications10. Shape-memory polyurethane-based foam and aerogel11. Biomedical applications of polyurethane hydrogels and aerogels12. Challenges in design, processing, and use of polyurethane foam and aerogel materialsSection III: Epoxy-based foams, aerogels, and hydrogels13. Epoxy: Synthesis, structure, and properties14. Epoxy-based hydrogels, foams, and aerogel: Preparation, properties, and applications15. Epoxy foaming processes and effects of process parameters on properties of epoxy foam16. Reinforcing of epoxy foams with nanomaterials, reinforcing mechanism, and applications17. Defense and aerospace applications of shape-memory epoxy foams18. Epoxy-based nanocomposite foams and aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications19. Challenges in the use of epoxy foam and aerogel materialsSection IV: Formaldehyde-based foams, aerogels, and hydrogels20. Phenolic resin: Preparation, structure, and properties21. Foaming processes and applications of phenolic foams22. Structure-property relationships and essential properties of phenolic foams23. Application areas of phenolic foams and aerogels24. Phenolic foams reinforced with nanomaterials: Preparation, properties, and applications25. Melamine formaldehyde foams and aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications26. Urea formaldehyde foams and aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications27. Carbon foams and aerogels derived from thermosets: Preparation, properties, and applications28. Challenges for formaldehyde foam and aerogel materials