A Dorothy Rosenberg Prize-winner: "A remarkable social history that investigates the process of Sovietization among Jews in Belorussia" (Jeffrey Veidlinger, author of In the Shadow of the Shtetl). This insightful history demonstrates how Jewish life in Belorussia fundamentally changed when Jews started joining the Bolshevik movement and populating the front lines of the revolutionary struggle. While Andrew Sloin's story follows the arc of Bolshevik history, it also shows how the broader movement was enacted in factories and workshops, workers' clubs and union meetings, and on the Jewish streets of White Russia. In the eyes of the Bolshevik leadership, the project of transforming Jews into integrated Soviet citizens was bound inextricably to labor. The protagonists here are shoemakers, speculators, glassmakers, peddlers, leatherworkers, needleworkers, soldiers, students, and local party operatives who were swept up, willingly or otherwise, under the banner of Marxist socialism. With extensive research and keen insight, Sloin stresses the fundamental relationship between economy and identity formation as party officials grappled with the Jewish Question in the wake of the revolution.

AcknowledgmentsNotes on Transliteration and TranslationIntroductionPart I - Revolution1. Making Jews BolshevikPart II - Capital and Labor2. Speculators, Swindlers, and Other Jews: Regulating Trade in Revolutionary White Russia3. Jewish Proletarians and Proletarian Jews: The Emancipation of Labor in NEP SocietyPart III - Political Culture and Nationality4. From Bolshevik Haskole to Cultural Revolution: Abram Beilin and the Jewish Revolution5. Bundism and the Nationalities QuestionPart IV - The Politics of Crisis6. The Politics of Crisis: Economy, Ethnicity, and Trotskyism7. Antisemitism and the Stalin RevolutionConclusionAppendix: TablesNotesBibliographyIndex