The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras-one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually. And now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice.Drawing on the highest-quality research, criminologists Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington assess the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also of other important surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. Importantly, the book goes beyond the question of "Does it work?" and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these surveillance methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime.At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, Welsh and Farrington provide this timely and reliable guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.

1. IntroductionPart I: Politics, Theory, and Method2. The Politics of Surveillance for Crime Prevention3. How Might Surveillance Measures Reduce Crime?4. Evidence-Based Crime PreventionPart II: Evidence of Effectiveness5. Closed-Circuit Television6. Improved Street Lighting7. Security Guards, Place Managers, and Defensible SpacePart III: Policy Choices and Challenges8. Safer Streets, Safer Cities: Policy Choices for America9. Conclusions and Future DirectionsAppendix: Methods of Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNotesReferencesIndex