While arbitration was robust in colonial and early America, dispute resolution lost its footing to the court system as the United States grew into a bustling and burgeoning country. And while dispute resolution processes emerged briefly from time to time, they were dormant until the enactment of the Federal Arbitration Act and collective bargaining grew out of the labor movement. But it wasn't until 1976, when Frank Sander delivered his famous remarks at the Pound Conference, that the modern dispute resolution movement was born. By the year 2000, alternative dispute resolution had transformed from a populist rebellion against the judicial system to mainstream legal practice. Today, lawyers and retiring judges look to arbitration and mediation for a career pivot, and law schools train law students in the finer arts of dispute resolution practice as both providers and advocates.Discussions in Dispute Resolution brings together the modern dispute resolution field's most influential commentaries in its first few decades and reflects on what makes these pieces so important. This book collects 16 foundational writings, four pieces from each of the field's primary subfields--negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and public policy. Each piece has four commenters who answer the question: why is this work a foundational piece in the dispute resolution field? The purpose in asking this simple question is fourfold: to hail the field's foundational generation and their work, to bring a fresh look at these articles, to engage the articles' original authors where possible, and to challenge the articles with the benefit of hindsight. Where possible, the book gives the authors of the original pieces the opportunity either to reflect on the piece itself or to respond to the other commenters.

IntroductionTable of ContributorsAcknowledgmentsPart 1. NegotiationArticle 1.1. Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce (1979)--Robert H. Mnookin and Lewis KornhauserComments:Elizabeth C. Tippett--Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case for ADR as a Field of StudyRebecca Hollander-Blumoff--Taking Human Behavior SeriouslyRishi Batra--Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: A Classic Article with a Contemporary ChallengeRobert H. Mnookin--Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law Re-assessedArticle 1.2. Machiavelli and the Bar: Ethical Limitations on Lying in Negotiation (1980)--James J. WhiteComments:Michael Moffitt--Machiavelli and the Bar and Ethical RatchetingPeter R. Reilly--Machiavelli and the Bar: J.J. White as Negotiation Ethics ArchitectLauren A. Newell--Machiavelli and the Bar: Prescient in PartJames J. White--Confronting Lying in NegotiationArticle 1.3. Toward Another View of Legal Negotiation: The Structure of Problem Solving (1984)--Carrie Menkel-MeadowComments:Russell Korobkin--We Are All Problem Solvers NowErin R. Archerd--It's Not the Lawyers We Need to Convince: Commentary on Legal Negotiation by Carrie Menkel-MeadowAndrea Kupfer Schneider--Counseling About More than the LawCarrie Menkel-Meadow--The Origins of Problem Solving Negotiation and Its Use in the PresentArticle 1.4. The Limits of Integrative Bargaining (1996)--Gerald B. WetlauferComments:Jennifer Reynolds--Oversimplifying, Overselling, OverreachingNoam Ebner--Integrative Negotiation: Paying the Price of PopularityRobert C. Bordone--Strengthening Integrative Bargaining: How The Limits of Integrative Bargaining Sharpened the Work of Negotiation ScholarsGerald B. Wetlaufer--Reflections on The Limits of Integrative BargainingPart 2. MediationArticle 2.1. Mediation: Its Forms and Functions (1971)--Lon L. FullerComments:Art Hinshaw--Lon L. Fuller: Private Ordering and MediationNancy A. Welsh--The Untethering of Mediation from RelationshipsJames J. Alfini--Lon Fuller's Influence on the Debate Over Mediator OrientationsBecky L. Jacobs--Lon Fuller: A Progenitor of the Pedagogy of Skills?Article 2.2. The Theory and Practice of Mediation: A Reply to Professor Susskind (1981)--Joseph B. StulbergComments:Lela Porter Love--A Star to Steer Her ByBrian A. Pappas--Just Settlement? Rethinking the Mediator's GoalsBobbi McAdoo and Sharon Press--Neutrality in 2020: A Reply to 1981 StulbergJoseph B. Stulberg--Revisiting Mediator NeutralityArticle 2.3. The Mediation Alternative: Process Dangers for Women (1991)--Trina GrilloComments:Carol Pauli--Trina Grillo: Productive RageKaren Tokarz--Grillo's Rigorous Path to Intentional, Mindful MediationDouglas N. Frenkel--The Grillo Effect at ThirtyKelly Browe Olson--Post-Grillo: New Family Mediation Protections and Revised DangersArticle 2.4. Understanding Mediators' Orientations, Strategies, and Techniques: A Grid for the Perplexed (1996)--Leonard L. RiskinComments:Michael T. Colatrella, Jr.--"True Enough"Alyson Carrel--Dismantling the "Facilitative" "Evaluative" Dichotomy: Reflecting on Riskin's Grid and Predicting the FutureDonna Erez-Navot--The Riskin Grid: A Mixed LegacyKimberlee Kovach--Growth from the Grid?Part 3. ArbitrationArticle 3.1. The New Federal Arbitration Law (1926)--Julius Henry Cohen and Kenneth DaytonComments:Carli N. Conklin--A Robust History of Arbitration in Early America: Commentary on The New Federal Arbitration LawImre S. Szalai--The Federal Arbitration Act in Its Infancy: Cohen and Dayton's The New Federal Arbitration LawKristen Blankley--The New Federal Arbitration Law: A Call to Ethical Practice Not Yet RealizedAmy J. Schmitz--Emphasizing Efficiency in the Digital AgeArticle 3.2. Commercial Arbitration (1961)--Soia MentschikoffComments:Sarah R. Cole--Everything Old Is New AgainW. Mark C. Weidemaier--The Legacy of Soia Mentschikoff's Commercial ArbitrationDavid Horton--Inside the Black Box: A Short Comment on Soia Mentschikoff's Commercial ArbitrationStephen J. Ware--Lasting Lessons from Mentschikoff's Commercial ArbitrationArticle 3.3. Panacea or Corporate Tool?: Debunking the Supreme Court's Preference for Binding Arbitration (1996)--Jean R. SternlightComments:Jill I. Gross--Rethinking the Debunking: On Arbitration Myths, Preferences, and Legal TheoryHiro N. Aragaki--The Critical Theory Legacy of Jean Sternlight's Panacea or Corporate Tool?Michael Z. Green--Framing the Debate to Show How Big Guys Insist That Little Guys Arbitrate as a Corporate ToolJean R. Sternlight--Panacea or Corporate Tool?: The SequelArticle 3.4. Employment Arbitration: The Repeat Player Effect (1997)--Lisa B. Bingham [Lisa Blomgren Amsler]Comments:Alexander J.S. Colvin--The River's Source: Empirical Research and Lisa Blomgren Amsler's Employment Arbitration: The Repeat Player EffectMartin H. Malin--Arbitration's Catalyst for Empirical StudiesRichard Bales--The Historical Context of Lisa Blomgren Amsler's Empirical Work on Employment ArbitrationLisa Blomgren Amsler--Why the Haves Come Out Farther and Farther Ahead: The Repeat Player Effect, Control Over Dispute System Design, and JusticePart 4. Dispute Resolution Public PolicyArticle 4.1. Why the "Haves" Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change (1974)--Marc GalanterComments:John Lande--For Pragmatic Romanticism in Law and Dispute Resolution: Reflections on Galanter's Remarkably Realistic Analysis of Why the Have-Nots Come Out BehindDwight Golann--A Prescient Warning of the Vulnerabilities in ADRCynthia Alkon--Galanter's Analysis of the "Limits of Legal Change" as Applied to Criminal Cases and ReformMarc Galanter--Reflections on Why the "Haves" Come Out AheadArticle 4.2. Varieties of Dispute Processing (1976)--Frank E. A. SanderComments:Donna Shestowsky--How Useful Is Court ADR If Litigants (Still) Don't Know About It?Lydia Nussbaum--Dispute Processing Beyond the Courts-New Complexity, Old ProblemsDeborah Thompson Eisenberg--Frank Sander: Father of Court-Based Dispute ResolutionYael Efron--Varieties of Dispute Processing: The Implications on Legal EducationArticle 4.3. Against Settlement (1984)--Owen M. FissComments:Amy J. Cohen--ADR and Public Values AgainEllen Waldman--What Against Settlement Got RightAdam S. Zimmerman--From Mass Adjudication to Settlement and BackMarjorie Corman Aaron--The Haunting Specter of Fiss's Against SettlementArticle 4.4. Pursuing Settlement in an Adversary Culture: A Tale of Innovation Co-Opted or "The Law of ADR" (1991)--Carrie Menkel-MeadowComments:Ellen E. Deason--Dimensions of Quality of JusticeElayne E. Greenberg--ADR's Place at the Justice TableJames Coben--Foundational Because Prescient (and Unfortunately, Cassandra-like Prescience)Carrie Menkel-Meadow--Institutionalizing ADR: Clashing Values