Can merely thinking about an imaginary situation provide evidence for how the world actually is--or how it ought to be? In this lively book, Roy A. Sorensen addresses this question with an analysis of a wide variety of thought experiments ranging from aesthetics to zoology. Presenting thefirst general theory of thought experiment, he sets it within an evolutionary framework and integrates recent advances in experimental psychology and the history of science, with special emphasis on Ernst Mach and Thomas Kuhn. Sorensen explores what thought experiments are, how they work, and what their virtues and vices are. In his view, philosophy differs from science in degree, but not in kind. For this reason, he claims, it is possible to understand philosophical thought experiments by concentrating on theirresemblance to scientific relatives. Sorensen assesses the hazards of thought experiments and grants that there are interesting ways in which the method leads us astray, but attacks most scepticism about thought experiments as arbitrary. He maintains that they should be used--as they generallyare--as part of a diversified portfolio of techniques, creating a network of cross-checks that make for impressive reliability.

Introduction; 1. Our Most Curious Device; 2. Scepticism About Thought Experiments; 3. Mach and Inner Cognitive Africa; 4. The Wonder of Armchair Inquiry; 5. Kuhntradictions; 6. The Logical Structure of Thought Experiment; 7. Conflict Vagueness and Precisification; 8. The Evolution of Thought Experiment; 9. Are Thought Experiments?; 10. Fallacies and Antifallacies; Notes; Select Bibliography; Subject Index; Name Index