The most important climate agreement in history, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change represents the commitment of the nations of the world to address and curb climate change. Signed in December 2015, it entered into force on 4th November 2016. Countries are moving into implementation, and efforts at all levels will be needed to fulfill its ambitious goals.The Paris Climate Agreement: Commentary and Analysis combines a comprehensive legal appraisal and critique of the new Agreement with a practical and structured commentary to and social drivers behind it, providing an overview of the pre-existing regime, and tracking the history of the negotiations. It examines the evolution of key concepts such as common but differentiated responsibilities, and analyses the legal form of the Agreement and the nature of its provisions. Part IIcomprises individual chapters on each Article of the Agreement, with detailed commentary of the provisions which highlights central aspects from the negotiating history and the legal nature of the obligations. It describes the institutional arrangements and considerations for national implementation, providingpractical advice and prospects for future development. Part III reflects on the Paris Agreement as a whole: its strengths and weaknesses, its potential for further development, and its relationship with other areas of public international law and governance.The book is an invaluable resource for academics and practitioners, policy makers, and actors in the private sector and civil society, as they negotiate the implementation of the Agreement in domestic law and policy.

Christiana Figueres: Foreword; Part I: Introductory Chapters; 1 Introduction: Scientific and Political Drivers for the Agreement; Andreas Fischlin: A. Background and the Role of Science; Maria Ivanova: B. Politics, Economics, and Society; 2 The Current United Nations Climate Regime: The Convention and its Kyoto Protocol; Joanna Depledge: A. The Legal and Policy Framework on the Eve of the Paris Conference; Andrew Higham: B. Pre-2020 Climate Action and teh Emergent Role of Non-party Stakeholders; 3 Jane Bulmer, Meinhard Doelle, and Daniel Klein: The Negotiating History of the Paris Agreement; 4 Lavanya Rajamani and Emmanuel Guerin: Central Concepts in the Paris Agreement and How They Evolved; 5 Ralph Bodle and Sebastian Oberthur: The Legal Form of the Paris Agreement and Nature of its Obligations; Part II: Analysis of the Provisions of the Agreement; 6 Maria Pia Carazo: Contextual Provisions (Preamble and Article 1); 7 Halldor Thorgeirsson: Objective (Article 2.1); 8 Lavanya Rajamani: Guiding Principles and General Obligation (Article 2.2 and Article 3); 9 Harald Winkler: Mitigation (Article 4); 10 Antonio La Vina and Alaya de Leon: Conserving and Enhancing Sinks and Reservoirs of Greenhouse Gases, including Forests (Article 5); 11 Andrew Howard: Market and Non-Market Approaches to Enhance Mitigation (Article 6); 12 Irene Suarez and Angela Churie: Adaptation (Article 7); 13 Linda Siegele: Loss and Damage (Article 8); 14 Jorge Gastelumendi and Inka Gnittke: Climate Finance (Article 9); 15 Heleen de Coninck and Ambuj Sagar: Technology Development and Transfer (Article 10); 16 Crispin D'Auvergne and Matti Nummelin: Capacity-Building (Article 11); 17 Jeniffer Hanna Collado: Education, Training, Public Awareness, Participation and Access to Information (Article 12); 18 Yamide Dagnet and Kelly Levin: Transparency (Article 13); 19 Jurgen Friedrich: Global Stocktake (Article 14); 20 Yamide Dagnet and Eliza Northrop: Facilitating Implementation of and Promoting Compliance (Article 15); 21 Christina Voigt: Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses (Articles 16-29); Part III: Concluding Reflections; 22 Meinhard Doelle: Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses; 23 Maria Pia Carazo and Daniel Klein: Implications for Public International Law; Prologue; Appendices; Paris Agreement; Decision Adopting the Paris Agreement; Bibliography