Lone-actor terrorism has unfortunately been on the rise in recent decades, causing major adverse societal effects in the United States and abroad. While lone-actor terrorists can be driven by a range of identifiable factors such as extremist views or availability of weapons, the process of becoming and identifying these individuals is deeply complicated.Lone-Actor Terrorism: An Integrated Framework outlines the societal causes and impacts of lone-actor terrorism from a multi-disciplinary, international perspective. Drawing together seasoned insights across clinical and forensic mental health, sociology, criminology, law, military and intelligence, and security, this volume explores patterns common to lone-actor terrorists across four major sections: historical and case examples, clinical aspects, non-clinical professional and allied perspectives, and assessment and potential approaches to reducing the risk of lone-actor terrorism. Contributors describe both individual clinical factors affecting lone-actors, including developmental aspects, mental health variables, psychoactive drugs, psychometrics and linguists, along with broader social factors such as propaganda and rhetoric, social media, and geographical considerations. This volume concludes with a review of the available threat and risk assessment tools applicable to lone-actor terrorism cases and provides guidance for professionals seeking to reduce risk.While there is no uniform approach to the concept of lone-actor terrorism, this edited volume provides a diverse yet authoritative overview for those interested in better understanding the threats of lone-actor terrorism and its professional response.

Contributor ListPrefaceForewordAndrew McCabe and John WymanIntroduction: Scope of the Problem, Definitions and ConceptsJacob Holzer, Andrea J. Dew, Patricia R. Recupero, and Paul GillChapter 1: Historical Aspects and Evolution of Lone-Actor ViolenceMark Hamm and Tammy AyresChapter 2: Case Reviews in Lone-Actor Terrorism IncidentsJacob Holzer, Olivia Zurek, and Lauren SimpsonChapter 3: Clinical Psychiatric and Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Lone-Actor TerrorismRobert P. Granacher, Jr., Danielle B. Kushner, and Jacob HolzerChapter 4: Psychoactive Agents and Mental Disorders in Lone-Actor TerrorismMichael Arieli, Aviv Weinstein, Uri Ben Yaakov, Ronnie Berkovitz, Alina Poperno, Hagit Bonny-Noach, and Robert P. Granacher, Jr.Chapter 5: Developmental Aspects of Lone-Actor TerroristsKarl Mobbs, Gen Ignatius Tanaka, and Terry R. BardChapter 6: The Role of Psychometrics in Investigating Lone-Actor TerrorismNancy P. Moczynski, Allen Schiller, Theodora Farah, and Eric DroganChapter 7: Understanding Lone-Actor Violence through Linguistic AnalysisIsabelle W.J. van der Vegt, Bennett Kleinberg, and Paul GillChapter 8: Propaganda and Lone-Actor TerrorismEric DroganChapter 9: Lone-Actor Mass Casualty Events and Linkages to Organized Violent Salafist-Jihadist Inspired Terror GroupsAndrea J. Dew and Daniel StarrChapter 10: The Internet and Social Media as an Enabling ForcePatricia R. Recupero and Samara E. RaineyChapter 11: Geographic Context: Domestic vs. International Lone-ActorsChristopher Jasparro and Suzanne Levi-SanchezChapter 12: Means, Mechanisms, and Trends of Operationalizing ViolenceChristopher Winter, Ram?n Spaaij, and Marilyn PriceChapter 13: Role of Forensic Mental Health and Lone-Actor ViolenceAshley H. VanDercar, Ryan C. Wagoner, Phillip J. Resnick, Frank Farnham, and Emily CornerChapter 14: An Ethics Analysis of Lone-Actor Terror and Society's ResponseDanielle B. Kushner and Philip J. CandilisChapter 15: Law Enforcement Response to Lone-Actor Incidents at the Local through Federal LevelsDouglas Brennan, Mark Concordia, and Michael MaddenChapter 16: Post-9/11 U.S. Military and Intelligence Approaches to Lone-ActorsCorri ZoliChapter 17: U.S. Legal Perspectives: Legislative, Intelligence, and Law-Enforcement AspectsJeffrey H. Smith, Amy Jeffress, Christopher E. Beeler, and Tian Tian XinChapter 18: Pursuing Lone-Actor Terrorists: U.K. Counterterrorism Law and PolicyStuart MacdonaldChapter 19: Lone-Actor Terrorism: Understanding Online IndoctrinationSteven Hassan, Jon Caven-Atack, Mansi J. Shah, and Simran MalhotraChapter 20: Hatred and Grievance as Constructs in Lone-Actor TerrorismJacob Holzer, Arya Shah, Eric Drogan, and Robert P. Granacher, JrChapter 21: Comparing Lone-Actor Terrorism to Other High-Threat GroupsJacob Holzer, Emily Threlkeld, William Costanza, Patricia R. Recupero, and Samara E. RaineyChapter 22: A Risk Analysis Framework of Lone-Actor TerrorismNo?mie Bouhana, Emily Corner, and Paul GillChapter 23: A Framework for Preempting Lone-Actor Terrorists During the Pre-Incident PhasesJoshua SinaiChapter 24: Threat Assessment: the TRAP-18 and Application to a Lone-Actor Terrorism IncidentJ. Reid Meloy and Jacob HolzerChapter 25: Use of Threat and Risk Assessment Tools in the Evaluation of Lone-Actor TerroristsHy Bloom, Reem Zaia, and Arya ShahChapter 26: Developing a Risk Assessment and Intervention Strategy: Future Directions in Research and PracticeJacob Holzer, Andrea J. Dew, Patricia R. Recupero, and Paul Gill