Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review is an all-inclusive review of the pathophysiology and care of the neurocritically ill and critically ill patient. The book reviews the core major critical care and neurocritical care disorders, underlying pathophysiology, treatment decisions with questions and answers for self-directed study and board review purposes. The text is succinct, to the point, relevant, informative, and up-to-date with information from recent clinical trials and facts based on evidence-based medicine. The references are up-to-date and include the most recent critical care guidelines for further study.The book is written and closely supervised by experienced Mayo Clinic faculty and reviewed in detail by the editors. The book is suitable for self-study towards neurocritical care boards and a number of critical care board examinations and certification exams. Tables, explanatory drawings, and bullet points are used throughout the text for high-yield learning.

Section I: Fundamentals of Critical Care1. Respiratory Physiology in Critical IllnessMinkyung Kwon, MD and Jose L. Diaz-Gomez, MD2. Mechanical Ventilation: Basic ModesAmelia A. Lowell, RRT, RCP3. Mechanical Ventilation: Advanced ModesAmelia A. Lowell, RRT, RCP and Bhavesh M. Patel, MD4. Cardiovascular System in the Critically Ill PatientJuan G. Ripoll Sanz, MD; Norlalak Jiramethee, MD; and Jose L. Diaz-Gomez, MD5. Renal Function in Critically Ill PatientsPramod K. Guru, MBBS, MD6. Nutrition in Critical IllnessAngela N. Vizzini, RDN, LD/N and Mireille H. Hamdan, RDN, LD/NSection I: Questions and AnswersSection II: Fundamentals of Neurocritical Care7. Neurologic Examination in Neurocritical IllnessEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD8. Intracranial PressureEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD and William D. Freeman, MD9. Cerebrospinal PhysiologyJoseph Zachariah, MD10. Cerebral Circulation and Cerebral Blood FlowArnoley S. Abcejo, MD and Jeffrey J. Pasternak, MD11. Consequences of Anoxia and Ischemia to the BrainJennifer E. Fugate, DO12. Consequences of Acute Metabolic Changes to the BrainSherri A. Braksick, MD and Sara E. Hocker, MD13. Consequences of Acute Hypertension to the BrainKatherine M. Oshel, MD and Hani M. Wadei, MD14. Coma and Other Altered States of ConsciousnessEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD15. Neuromuscular Respiratory FailureMaximiliano A. Hawkes, MD and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD16. Neurogenic Breathing PatternsEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD17. Neurogenic Cardiac ManifestationsSherri A. Braksick, MD and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD18. Paroxysmal Sympathetic HyperactivityKevin T. Gobeske, MD, PhDSection II: Questions and AnswersSection III: Critical Care DisordersPulmonary Disorders19. Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeRichard K. Patch III, MD and James Y. Findlay, MB, ChB20. Pulmonary Embolism: An OverviewBrandon T. Nokes, MD and Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, MD21. Asthma in the Critically Ill PatientJonathan J. Danaraj, DO and Augustine S. Lee, MD22. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ExacerbationIsabel Mira-Avendano, MD and Minkyung Kwon, MD23. Pleural Diseases in Critical Care MedicineKarthika R. Linga, MBBS and Neal M. Patel, MD24. Pulmonary MalignancyAli A. Zaied, MD and Margaret M. Johnson, MD25. Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure in the Critically IllCharles D. Burger, MDCardiovascular Disorders26. Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactic ShockMegan S. Motosue, MD and Gerald W. Volcheck, MD27. Cardiogenic ShockRobert A. Ratzlaff, DO and Jason L. Siegel, MD28. Acute Coronary SyndromeSiva S. Ketha, MD and Juan Carlos Leoni Moreno, MD29. Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction DisturbancesYahaira Ortiz Gonzalez, MD and Fred Kusumoto, MD30. Hypertensive EmergenciesDenzil R. Hill, MD and James A. Onigkeit, MD31. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationRichard K. Patch III, MD32. Vascular Emergencies of the AortaTariq Almerey, MD; January F. Moore; and Houssam Farres, MDAcute Endocrine Disorders33. Pituitary ApoplexySherri A. Braksick, MD34. Diabetes InsipidusDana Erickson, MD35. PanhypopituitarismDiane Donegan, MB, BCh and Irina Bancos, MD36. Thyroid Disorders in the Intensive Care UnitJohn E. Moss, MD37. Glycemic Control in Neurocritically Ill PatientsCarla P. Venegas-Borsellino, MD; Michael A. Pizzi, DO, PhD; and Santiago Naranjo-Sierra, MD38. Adrenal Insufficiency in Neurocritically Ill PatientsCarla P. Venegas-Borsellino, MD and Santiago Naranjo-Sierra, MDGastrointestinal Disorders39. Acute Gastrointestinal HemorrhagePablo Moreno Franco, MD and Philip E. Lowman, MD40. Paralytic and Obstructive IleusJuan M. Canabal, MD41. Acute Liver FailureJames Y. Findlay, MB, ChB42. Acute Perforations of the Gastrointestinal TractLevan Tsamalaidze, MD and John A. Stauffer, MD43. Acute Vascular Disorders of the IntestineOmar Y. Mousa, MBBS and Surakit Pungpapong, MD44. Abdominal Compartment SyndromeDaniel J. Johnson, MDRenal Disorders45. Acute Kidney InjuryAnkit Sakhuja, MBBS and Kianoush B. Kashani, MD46. Acid-Base DisordersOnur Demirci, MD47. Drug Dosing in Renal FailureDaniel A. Jackson, PharmD, RPh48. Principles of Renal Replacement TherapiesPeter M. Fitzpatrick, MD49. Disorders of Water and Electrolyte BalanceYuzana Zaw, MBBS and Mira T. Keddis, MDHematologic and Inflammatory Disorders50. Anemia and Blood TransfusionJoy D. Hughes, MD; Mariela Rivera, MD; and Myung S. Park, MD, MS51. Hematologic and Oncologic Complications in the Intensive Care UnitCarl A. Ruthman, MD and Jose C. Yataco, MD52. Thrombocytopenia and ThrombocytopathyGretchen Johns, MD53. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Clinical Diagnosis and ManagementPrakash Vishnu, MBBS and Sikander Ailawadhi, MD54. Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Bleeding DisordersRajiv K. Pruthi, MBBS55. Anticoagulation Monitoring and ReversalTheresa N. Kinard, MD56. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Acute Hematologic DisordersJill Adamski, MD, PhD57. Rheumatologic and Autoimmune EmergenciesMegan L. Krause, MD and Kevin G. Moder, MDSepsis and Other Infectious Diseases58. Infectious Diseases Complicating Critical CareDavid A. Sotello Aviles, MD and Walter C. Hellinger, MD59. Antibiotics in the Intensive Care UnitDavid A. Sotello Aviles, MD and Walter C. Hellinger, MD60. Sepsis and Septic ShockCharles R. Sims III, MD and Thomas B. Comfere, MDDermatologic Concerns61. Dermatologic Emergencies in the Intensive Care UnitMatthew R. Hall, MDTrauma and Burns62. Initial Approach to the Management of Multisystem TraumaDavid S. Morris, MD63. Chest and Abdominal TraumaJoy D. Hughes, MD and David S. Morris, MD64. Skeletal TraumaJoshua S. Bingham, MD and Kevin J. Renfree, MD65. Burns and Electrical InjuriesBrandon T. Nokes, MD and Ayan Sen, MDCardiothoracic Critical Care66. Cardiothoracic Surgery and Postoperative Intensive CareJuan G. Ripoll Sanz, MD and Robert A. Ratzlaff, DO67. Mechanical Circulatory Assist DevicesAyan Sen, MD and Bhavesh M. Patel, MD68. Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationJ. Kyle Bohman, MD and Gregory J. Schears, MD69. Cardiac Pacing in the Intensive Care UnitJ. William Schleifer, MD; Farouk Mookadam, MB, BCh; and Harish Ramakrishna, MDTransplant Critical Care70. Clinical Management of Heart Transplant RecipientsArzoo Sadiqi, BS and Jama Jahanyar, MD, PhD71. Critical Care of Heart-Lung and Lung Transplant RecipientsRamachandra R. Sista, MD72. Clinical Management of Liver Transplant RecipientsBhargavi Gali, MD73. Clinical Management of Kidney Transplant RecipientsJames A. Onigkeit, MD74. Small Intestinal TransplantAyan Sen, MDToxicity and Toxins75. Serotonin SyndromeKevin T. Gobeske, MD, PhD and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD76. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and HyperthermiaJ. Ross Renew, MD and Monica Mordecai, MD77. Clinical Toxicology: Selected Drugs of Abuse and Chemical and Biological Warfare AgentsMatthew D. Sztajnkrycer, MD, PhDSection III: Questions and AnswersSection IV: Neurocritical IllnessAcute Cerebrovascular Disorders78. Diagnosis and Management of Hemispheric InfarctionSanjeet S. Grewal, MD and Benjamin L. Brown, MD79. Basilar Artery OcclusionMichael R. Pichler, MD and Jennifer E. Fugate, DO80. Carotid Artery DiseaseNnenna Mbabuike MD and Rabih G. Tawk, MD81. Adult Primary Central Nervous System VasculitisCarlo Salvarani, MD; Robert D. Brown Jr, MD, MPH; and Gene G. Hunder, MD82. Intracerebral and Intraventricular HemorrhageOana Dumitrascu, MD and Maria I. Aguilar, MD83. Subarachnoid HemorrhageGiuseppe Lanzino, MD and Biagia La Pira, MD84. Intracranial Arteriovenous MalformationsKelly D. Flemming, MD and Michael J. Link, MD85. Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus ThrombosisSara E. Hocker, MD86. Cervical Arterial DissectionBart M. Demaerschalk, MDTraumatic Brain and Spine Injury87. Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord InjuryMaya Babu, MD88. Traumatic Epidural and Subdural HematomasPatrick R. Maloney, MD and Michelle J. Clarke, MD89. Unstable Spinal FracturesWilliam E. Clifton III, MD and Mark A. Pichelmann, MDAcute Central Nervous System Infections90. EncephalitisAllen J. Aksamit Jr, MD91. Acute Bacterial MeningitisEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD92. Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural AbscessSelby G. Chen, MDAcute Neuromuscular Disorders93. Myasthenia GravisMaximiliano A. Hawkes, MD and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD94. Guillain-Barr? SyndromeEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD95. Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisJennifer M. Martinez-Thompson, MD and Nathan P. Staff, MD, PhD96. Rhabdomyolysis and Toxic MyopathiesJustin C. Kao, MB, ChB and Margherita Milone, MD, PhD97. Myopathy and Neuropathy Acquired in the Intensive Care UnitPriya S. Dhawan, MD and Jennifer A. Tracy, MDMiscellaneous Disorders of Acute Brain Injury98. Status EpilepticusChristopher P. Robinson, DO, MS and Sara E. Hocker, MD99. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy SyndromeSudhir V. Datar, MBBS and Jennifer E. Fugate, DO100. Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous SystemAurelia A. Smith, MD and Brian G. Weinshenker, MD101. Rapidly Progressive Dementia and ComaPrasuna Kamireddi, MBBS; Jason L. Siegel, MD; and Dennis W. Dickson, MDNeuro-oncology102. Brain and Spine TumorsMithun Sattur, MBBS; Matthew E. Welz, MS; and Bernard R. Bendok, MD103. Neoplastic MeningitisAlyx B. Porter, MD104. Autoimmune EncephalitisEslam Shosha, MB, BCh and Sean J. Pittock, MD105. Radiation TherapySameer R. Keole, MDPostoperative Neurosurgery106. Intensive Care After Spinal SurgeryClarence B. Watridge, MD107. Intensive Care After CraniotomyKelly Gassie, MD; Belinda G. Bradley, APRN; Robert E. Wharen Jr, MD; and Betty Y. S. Kim, MD, PhD108. Intensive Care After Neuroendovascular ProceduresMithun Sattur, MBBS; Chandan Krishna, MD; Bernard R. Bendok, MD; and Brian W. Chong, MDSection IV: Questions and AnswersSection V: Imaging in Critical Illness109. Radiography and Computed Tomography of the ChestBarbara L. McComb, MD110. Abdominal RadiographyJoseph G. Cernigliaro, MD111. Fluoroscopy: Principles and SafetyDavid M. Sella, MD; Glenn M. Sturchio, PhD; and Beth A. Schueler, PhD112. UltrasonographySantiago Naranjo-Sierra, MD and Lauren K. Ng Tucker, MD113. Transesophageal EchocardiographyRyan C. Craner, MD; Farouk Mookadam, MB, BCh; and Harish Ramakrishna, MDSection V: Questions and AnswersSection VI: ProceduresAirway Procedures and Modes of Ventilation114. Basics of Airway and Oxygen Delivery DevicesAndrew W. Murray, MD115. Endotracheal Intubation ProceduresMatthew J. Ritter, MD116. Noninvasive Positive Pressure VentilationKaren W. Hampton, MS, RRT117. TracheostomySaba Ghorab, MD and David G. Lott, MD118. Diagnostic and Interventional Bronchoscopy in the Intensive Care UnitCesar A. Keller, MDCardiovascular Cardiopulmonary Monitoring and Access119. Electrocardiographic MonitoringPragnesh P. Parikh, MD and K. L. Venkatachalam, MD120. Hemodynamic MonitoringHannelisa E. Callisen, PA-C; Stacy L. Libricz, PA-C, MS; and Ayan Sen, MD121. Pulmonary Artery CatheterizationPhilip E. Lowman, MD122. Thoracentesis and Chest TubesStaci E. Beamer, MD123. Central Line PlacementNicholas D. Will, MD and W. Brian Beam, MD124. Interventional Radiology ProceduresRahmi Oklu, MD, PhDNeuromonitoring and Procedures125. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and External Ventricular DrainageMaya Babu, MD and John L. D. Atkinson, MD126. Lumbar PunctureChristina C. Smith, APRN127. Lumbar DrainJamie J. Van Gompel, MD128. Intraventricular Drug AdministrationWilliam W. Horn Jr, APRN and Benjamin L. Brown, MD129. Transcranial Doppler UltrasonographyMark N. Rubin, MD130. ElectroencephalographyAmy Z. Crepeau, MD131. Essentials of Multimodal Brain MonitoringJennifer E. Fugate, DO132. Essentials of Cranial NeuroimagingE. Paul Lindell, MDSection VI: Questions and AnswersSection VII: Pharmacotherapeutics133. Anticonvulsant DrugsAnteneh M. Feyissa, MD and Jeffrey W. Britton, MD134. Effects of Targeted Temperature Management on DrugsLauren K. Ng Tucker, MD135. Sedation and AnalgesiaJuan G. Ripoll Sanz, MD and Jose L. Diaz-Gomez, MD136. Inotropes, Vasopressors, and Intravenous Antihypertensive AgentsJuan N. Pulido, MD137. Antibiotics, Antivirals, and AntifungalsDavid A. Sotello Aviles, MD and Walter C. Hellinger, MDSection VII: Questions and AnswersSection VIII: Ethics in the Neurointensive Care Unit138. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care UnitMaisha T. Robinson, MD139. Communicating With FamiliesCory Ingram, MD140. Brain DeathEelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD141. Minimally Conscious State and Persistent Vegetative StateDavid T. Jones, MD142. Ethical Concerns and Care Before Organ DonationDiane C. McLaughlin, APRN and Lauren K. Ng Tucker, MDSection VIII: Questions and AnswersIndex