Linking existing knowledge to new knowledge by presenting it in the form of a case or a problem is a popular and effective educational approach resulting in better retention of the knowledge and improved ability to apply that knowledge to solve real problems. This problem-based learning (PBL) method was introduced into medical education at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, in 1969. Since then it has been widely incorporated into secondary, undergraduate, and graduate education in a variety of disciplines worldwide.This new volume for the Anesthesiology Problem-Based Learning series reviews pediatric anesthesia utilizing the PBL approach. Each chapter deals with conditions and problems in pediatric anesthesia practice presented as a case stem with questions to encourage critical thinking, followed by an evidence-based discussion and multiple-choice questions for self-assessment. Cases were carefully selected to present a broad systems-based tour of commonly encountered clinical cases in pediatric anesthesia.The book can be used to review an upcoming clinical case or as a PBL tool. The 'Stem Case and Key Questions' and 'Discussion' sections can serve as the basis for interactive learning experiences for study groups or as a broad yet in-depth clinical review of the subspecialty for the individual learner. Self-assessment questions can be used as a measure of knowledge acquisition or simply as a question bank to prepare for examinations.

PrefaceContributorsSection 1: Prematurity and Neonatal Surgery1. Necrotizing Enterocolitis2. Neonatal Stridor3. CHARGE Syndrome4. Omphalocele and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome5. Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure for Giant Fetal Cervical TeratomaSection 2: Cardiovascular System6. Patent Ductus Arteriosus7. Ventricular Septal Defect8. Tetralogy of Fallot9. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome10. Transposition of the Great Arteries11. Williams-Beuren Syndrome12. Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure13. Pediatric Heart Transplantation14. Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal DefectsSection 3: Thoracic Conditions15. Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation16. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia17. Tracheoesophageal Fistula18. Pectus ExcavatumSection 4: Head, Neck, and Respiratory Systems19. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in the Pediatric Patient with Down Syndrome20. Cleft palate, Cleft Lip, and Pierre-Robin Sequence21. Craniosynostosis and Apert's Syndrome22. Laryngotracheal Reconstruction23. Cystic Fibrosis24. Airway Foreign Body AspirationSection 5: Neuromuscular System and Spine25. Neural Tube Defects26. Intracranial Tumor27. Seizure Surgery28. Anesthetic Management of Chiari Decompression29. Anesthetic Management of Scoliosis Surgery in Children30. Achondroplasia31. Vein of Galen Malformation32. Moyamoya Disease33. Neuroblastoma34. Myotonic Dystrophy35. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy36. Anesthetic Management for Patients with Cerebral PalsySection 6: Gastrointestinal System37. Hirschsprung Disease38. Pediatric Liver Transplantation39. Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric StenosisSection 7: Renal and Urinary System40. Bladder Exstrophy41. Wilms Tumor42. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)43. Pediatric Renal TransplantationSection 8: Endocrine and Metabolic System44. Pheochromocytoma45. Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Craniopharyngioma46. Perioperative Management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 247. Mitochondrial Disease48. Glycogen Storage Diseases49. MucopolysaccharidosesSection 9: Hematologic System50. Hemophilias51. Sickle Cell Disease52. Anesthetic Management of Anterior Mediastinal Masses in ChildrenSection 10: Pediatric Pain53. Multimodal Approach to Acute Pain Management after Nuss Bar Placement and Other Pain Scenarios54. Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1: A Functional and Wellness Restoration Therapy55. Neuraxial Anesthesia and Analgesia for Pediatric Surgery56. Peripheral Nerve Blockade in the Pediatric PatientSection 11: Miscellaneous57. Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient for Surgery58. Goldenhar Syndrome59. von Willebrand Disease60. Trauma61. Nonaccidental Trauma62. Burns63. Anesthesia for the Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder64. Anesthesia for Adolescent Bariatric Surgery65. Perioperative Care of Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa66. Ethics in Pediatric AnesthesiologyIndex