Corruption undermines nearly all key legal and developmental priorities today, including the effective functioning of democratic institutions and honest elections; environmental protection; human rights and human security; international development programs; and fair competition for global trade and investment. This book chronicles the global anticorruption steps taken since the movement advanced after the end of the Cold War. It provides a realistic assessment of the present state of affairs by critically evaluating what existing anticorruption programs and treaties have accomplished and documenting their shortcomings, while developing an action agenda for the next decade.The authors argue that reformative action is imperative, and the forces of globalization and digital communication will level the playing field and erode the secrecy corruption requires. They define corruption, document its effects, discuss the initiatives that changed public perception, analyze the lessons learned, and then evaluate how to move forward with existing initiatives charting a new path with new, differentiated strategies.

ForewordAcknowledgmentsAbbreviationsPart I: Setting the SceneCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1 FIFA, a criminal organization?2 The Malaysian Wealth Fund '1MDB'3 Panama PapersCHAPTER 2: WHY THE GROWING CONCERN ABOUT CORRUPTION?1 Present at the Creation2 Putting Corruption on the International Agenda3 Need for Action4 Reasons for Continuing Resistance5 Growth of Anti-corruption Capability6 Expansion of Global Economy7 Digital CommunicationsCHAPTER 3: THE POLITICS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION1 Transparency International and Its Politics2 International Organizationsa OECDb UNODCc G20d World Banke International Chamber of Commercef FIFA3 Governmentsa United Statesb UKc Nordic Countriesd Chinae Bangladesh4 Role of Media5 Growth of Anticorruption Movement6 Government Departments7 Private Industry8 NGOs9 Professional Organizations10 Universities11 Illicit Activities12 Major Political Influencesa Tone at the Topb Power of the Legal Establishmentc Role of Civil Societyd People Powere Counter ActionsCHAPTER 4: WHAT IS CORRUPTION?1 A 'cancer' to be rooted out?2 Giving and taking3 Legal definitions4 Corruption comes in different forms5 A systemic perspective6 What is the common denominator?7 Are we sure that corruption is harmful?8 How big is the problem?9 Why have we chosen to fight corruption now?10 Are we making a difference?Part II: Drivers of ChangeCHAPTER 5: EVOLUTION OF TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL1 Peter Eigen and the World Bank2 The Genesis of TI3 Organizing TIa Meeting with Amnesty Internationalb Organization Meeting at Dutch Foreign Ministryc Berlin Launch Conferenced Ecuador Meetinge Jeremy Pope becomes Managing Directorf Growth of National Chapter Networkg Publication of TI Index4 Conventions Advocacya OECD Conventionb TI Progress Reports on Enforcementc United Nations Convention against Corruptiond Evolution of TI Managemente The 2005 ElectionCHAPTER 6: THE UNITED STATES: FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT AND CAMPAIGN FINANCING1 Colonial Heritage2 Constitutional Debates3 Yazoo Controversy4 Passage of 14th Amendment5 Construction of Panama Canal6 Watergate7 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act8 Citizens United CaseCHAPTER 7: BRIBING FOREIGN OFFICIALS: THE OECD ANTI-CORRUPTION INSTRUMENTS1 Is bribery a necessary evil?2 The US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act3 The initiative and first steps in the OECD4 The 1994 Recommendation and the Follow-up5 Implementing the Convention6 The crisis7 Overcoming the crisis: the UK Bribery Act 20108 Uneven application9 Further challenges10 A new step forward: the 2009 Recommendation11 A final positive experience12 ConclusionCHAPTER 8: THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION1 Global Significance2 The Politics of UNCAC3 The United Nations Convention against Corruption: anti-corruption's expanding frontiera Overview of the United Nations Convention Against Corruptionb Provisions directly affecting international businessc Strengthening national integrity systemsd The implementation review mechanismPart III: Pervasive Trouble SpotsCHAPTER 9: BANKING AND FINANCE1 Grand corruption and money flows2 A new topic altogether3 Expansion4 Current status of rules against corruption-money laundering5 Asset Recovery6 Is Asset Recovery working?7 ConclusionCHAPTER 10: EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES1 The 'resource curse'2 Publish what you pay3 The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative4 The struggle for regulationa United States: Section 1504 of the Dodd-Frank Actb EU: revision of its Transparency and Bookkeeping Directives5 Regulating trading?6 Collective action as a way forward?CHAPTER 11: INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCTION1 The risks2 What needs to be done?CHAPTER 12: AERONAUTICS AND DEFENSE1 What are the particular risks in defense procurement?2 The key role of defense offsets3 Specific corruption risk related to offsets4 How to prevent corruption in the defense industries?CHAPTER 13: THE ART MARKET1 Challenges2 Self-regulation?3 International law?CHAPTER 14: THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY1 Challenges2 What needs to be done?CHAPTER 15: SPORTS GOVERNING BODIES: THE FIFA EXPERIENCE1 Emotions and big business2 Multinational enterprises and quasi-intergovernmental organizations3 Old Boys suddenly becoming rich4 FIFA a company in trouble or a criminal organization?5 The responsibility of the host country6 What's wrong with self-regulation?7 Example FIFA8 International regulation9 What is on the current reform list?CHAPTER 16: DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE1 Its logic2 Is development assistance effective?3 Donor interest4 Tolerating embezzlement?5 Is there a way out of the dilemma?6 Oil-for-Fooda The official Programmeb Planned Distribution of Oil Proceedsc What went wrong?d Oil Surcharges - Flow of Fundse Humanitarian Contract Kickbacks - Flow of Fundsf Illicit Income Received by Iraq under the Programme7 The Contribution of the IFIsPart IV: Criminal Law and other Forms of RegulationCHAPTER 17: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW1 Is criminal law really that essential to combating bribery?2 Who is a 'foreign public official'?3 What about the eternal 'facilitation payments'?4 Individuals versus corporate liability5 Watch your agents!6 The proof is in the pudding7 Are prosecutors and courts out of their depths?8 Do we need a Supranational Criminal Court for large scale corruption?CHAPTER 18: BEYOND CRIMINAL LAW: ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES1 Regulatory sanctions2 Debarment by MDBs3 Automatic debarment?4 Is debarment always the best solution?5 Dealing with corruption in arbitration procedures6 PreventionPart V: Private Sector ResponsesCHAPTER 19: PRIVATE SECTOR RESPONSE TO CORRUPTION1 Major Trends2 Evolution of Compliancea Role of NGOsb UN Global Compactc Industry Sector Initiatives: Wolfsbergd Other Industry Sector InitiativesExtractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)Construction Sector Transparency (CoST)Aerospace and Defense (IFBEC)3 Common Problem Areasa Gifts, Entertainment and Travel Expensesb Lobbyists and Sales Representativesc Political Contributionsd Avoiding Extortione Private-to-Private Briberyf Facilitation Paymentsg Foreign Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures4 Psychology of Corrupt Conducta Type Ab Type Bc Type C5 Factors Needed to Influence Corporate Culturea Tone at the top is importantb Transparent Rulesc Leadership selection6 Moving Anti-corruption to the Next LevelCHAPTER 20: COLLECTIVE ACTION1 Why collective action?2 From an academic think piece to a practical solution3 What is collective action?4 Is collective action really necessary?Part VI: Moving ForwardCHAPTER 21: WHAT HAVE WE ACHIEVED?1 Achievements and challenges2 Accomplishments3 ChallengesCHAPTER 22: GLOBALIZATION AND DIGITAL REVOLUTION1 Globalizationa Globalization of Corruptionb Impact of Globalization on Law Enforcement2 Digital Revolutiona Cyber Forensicsb Digital Initiativesc The Political Impactd Awareness RaisingCHAPTER 23: DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES1 Countries with Strong Democratic Institutions2 Countries with Weaker Democratic Institutions3 Countries with Autocratic Governmentsa Working with Chinab Working with Russiac The Arab Spring and its Implications for the Middle East and North Africa4 Failed States5 Long-Term Strategy PerspectiveBibliographyIndex