This book offers a fresh insight into the conquests of Alexander the Great by attempting to view the events of 336-323 BCE from the vantage point of the defeated. The extent and form of the resistance of the populations he confronted varied according to their previous relationships with either the Macedonian invaders or their own Achaemenid rulers. The internal political situations of many states--particularly the Greek cities of Asia Minor--were also a factor. In the vast Persian Empire that stretched from the Aegean to the Indus, some states surrendered voluntarily and others offered fierce resistance. Not all regions were subdued through military actions. Indeed, as the author argues, the excessive use of force on Alexander's part was often ineffective and counterproductive.In the Path of Conquest examines the reasons for these varied responses, giving more emphasis to the defeated and less to the conqueror and his Macedonian army. In the process, it debunks many long-held views concerning Alexander's motives, including the idea that his aim was to march to the eastern limits of the world. It also provides a fresh reevaluation of Darius III's successes and failures as a commander. Such a study involves rigorous analysis of the ancient sources, and their testimony is presented throughout the book in the form of newly translated passages. A unique portrait of a well-known age, In the Path of Conquest will significantly alter our understanding of Alexander's career.

PrefaceList of AbbreviationsIntroductionI. In the face of Panhellenic War: Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean, 340-334II. The Long Road to Asia Minor: Resistance in Macedonia and GreeceIII. First Clash in Asia MinorIV. From the Aegean to CappadociaV. Persian Counter Measures: The War in the AegeanVI. The Great King and his ArmiesVII. The Campaign in CiliciaVIII. The Levant and Egypt: Collaboration and ResistanceIX. Darius' Last Stand and the Collapse of Persian ResistanceX. The End of Darius IIIXI. War in Central AsiaXII. Persianizing and the Internal EnemyXIII. From the Hindu Kush to the IndusXIV. From the Panjab to PattalaXV. Return to the West: Problems of Consolidation and the Revival of Old GrievancesXVI. EpilogueAppendix: Sources for the History of AlexanderGlossaryBibliographyIndex