A comprehensive, general survey of Europe from the ruins of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman Turks.

Preface1. The Middle Ages and Their Heritage: The Idea of the Unity of ChristendomSection One (c. 800-c. 1046)2. The Revival of Empire: Charlemagne to Henry III3. Serfdom and Feudalism4. Religious and Political IdealsSection Two (c. 1046-c. 1216)5. Empire and Papacy: The Beginning of the Struggle6. The Expansion of Europe7. New Movements in Thought and Letters8. The Twelfth-Century Revolution in Government9. The Crusades10. Innocent III: The Papacy TriumphantSection III (c. 1216-c. 1330)11. The Universities and the Friars: St. Thomas, St. Francis, and Abbot Joachim12. The Struggle of the Popes and the Hohenstaufen13. The Crusade in the Thirteenth Century14. France and England: The Growth of National Communities15. Boniface VIII and the Onset of Crisis in the ChurchSection Four (c. 1330-c. 1460)16. Economic and Social Development in the Later Middle Ages17. The Hundred Years War18. Politics and Political Society in an Age of Wars19. Upheaval in the Church: Avignon, the Great Schism and the Councils20. Europe and the Infidel After the Crusades21. Epilogue: The Break with Traditional AttitudesAppendix: Tables of the Royal Houses and PopesBibliographyIndex