Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020 will be a valuable resource for every student wanting to learn to create engineering drawings.

Preface v Chapter 1 Getting Started 1 1-1 Introduction 2 To Start a New Drawing 2 1-2 Tabs and Panels 5 1-3 The Command Line Box 7 1-4 Command Tools 8 1-5 Starting a New Drawing 9 1-6 Naming a Drawing 9 1-7 Drawing Units 12 1-8 Drawing Limits 15 1-9 Grid and Snap 18 1-10 Sample Problem SP1-1 20 1-11 Save and Save As 23 1-12 Open 25 1-13 Close 27 1-14 Exercise Problems 28 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction 31 2-1 Introduction 31 2-2 Line-Random Points 31 2-3 Erase 34 2-4 Line-Snap Points 35 2-5 Line-Dynamic Inputs 36 2-6 Construction Line 38 2-7 Circle 42 2-8 Circle Centerlines 45 2-9 Polyline 47 2-10 Spline 51 2-11 Ellipse 52 2-12 Rectangle 56 2-13 Polygon 57 2-14 Point 58 2-15 Text 59 2-16 Move 65 2-17 Copy 67 2-18 Offset 68 2-19 Mirror 69 2-20 Array 69 2-21 Rotate 72 2-22 Trim 73 2-23 Extend 74 2-24 Break 75 2-25 Chamfer 76 2-26 Fillet 77 2-27 Table 78 2-28 Exercise Problems 82 Chapter 3 Advanced Commands 93 3-1 Introduction 93 3-2 Osnap 93 3-3 Osnap-Endpoint 95 3-4 Osnap-Snap From 95 3-5 Osnap-Midpoint 97 3-6 Osnap-Intersection 97 3-7 Osnap-Apparent Intersection 98 3-8 Osnap-Center 99 3-9 Osnap-Quadrant 100 3-10 Osnap-Perpendicular 100 3-11 Osnap-Tangent 101 3-12 Osnap-Nearest 102 3-13 Sample Problem SP3-1 102 3-14 Sample Problem SP3-2 103 3-15 Grips 105 3-16 Grips-Extend 106 3-17 Grips-Move 107 3-18 Grips-Rotate 108 3-19 Grips-Scale 108 3-20 Grips-Mirror 109 3-21 Blocks 110 3-22 Working with Blocks 113 3-23 Wblock 117 3-24 Layers 120 3-25 Attributes 129 3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes 134 3-27 Edit Polyline 135 3-28 Edit Spline 136 3-29 Edit Text 138 3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method I 139 3-31 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method II 140 3-32 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs 141 3-33 Constructing a Parabola 142 3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola 143 3-35 Constructing a Spiral 144 3-36 Constructing a Helix 144 3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters 145 3-38 Exercise Problems 148 Chapter 4 Sketching 167 4-1 Introduction 167 4-2 Establishing Your Own Style 167 4-3 Graph Paper 168 4-4 Pencils 168 4-5 Lines 168 4-6 Proportions 170 4-7 Curves 171 4-8 Sample Problem SP4-1 172 4-9 Isometric Sketches 173 4-10 Sample Problem SP4-2 175 4-11 Oblique Sketches 176 4-12 Perspective Sketches 178 4-13 Working in Different Orientations 180 4-14 Exercise Problems 181 Chapter 5 Orthographic Views 195 5-1 Introduction 195 5-2 Three Views of an Object 196 5-3 Visualization 197 5-4 Hidden Lines 199 5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 199 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines 200 5-7 Precedence of Lines 205 5-8 Slanted Surfaces 205 5-9 Projection Between Views 206 5-10 Sample Problem SP5-1 207 5-11 Compound Lines 209 5-12 Sample Problem SP5-2 209 5-13 Oblique Surfaces 211 5-14 Sample Problem SP5-3 213 5-15 Rounded Surfaces 214 5-16 Sample Problem SP5-4 216 5-17 Holes 217 5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces 218 5-19 Cylinders 222 5-20 Sample Problem SP5-5 223 5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces 224 5-22 Sample Problem SP5-6 224 5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders 226 5-24 Irregular Surfaces 227 5-25 Sample Problem SP5-7 228 5-26 Hole Callouts 228 5-27 Castings 231 5-28 Sample Problem SP5-8 233 5-29 Thin-Walled Objects 234 5-30 Sample Problem SP5-9 235 5-31 Intersections 236 5-32 Sample Problem SP5-10 237 5-33 Sample Problem SP5-11 239 5-34 Sample Problem SP5-12 239 5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part 242 5-36 Drawing Standards 243 5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections 245 5-38 Exercise Problems 247 Chapter 6 Sectional Views 281 6-1 Introduction 281 6-2 Cutting Plane Lines 283 6-3 Section Lines 286 6-4 Hatch 288 6-5 Sample Problem SP6-1 290 6-6 Styles of Section Lines 291 6-7 Sectional View Location 292 6-8 Holes in Sections 293 6-9 Gradients 293 6-10 Offset Sections 294 6-11 Multiple Sections 295 6-12 Aligned Sections 296 6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections 296 6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views 297 6-15 Removed Sectional Views 298 6-16 Breaks 299 6-17 Sectional Views of Castings 300 6-18 Exercise Problems 302 Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views 325 7-1 Introduction 325 7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views 326 7-3 Sample Problem SP7-1 328 7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views 329 7-5 Sample Problem SP7-2 331 7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces 332 7-7 Sample Problem SP7-3 332 7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces 334 7-9 Sample Problem SP7-4 334 7-10 Sample Problem SP7-5 335 7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views 336 7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views 337 7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces 338 7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views 338 7-15 Sample Problem SP7-6 341 7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse 343 7-17 Exercise Problems 344 Chapter 8 Dimensioning 359 8-1 Introduction 359 8-2 Terminology and Conventions 359 8-3 Linear Dimension 362 8-4 Dimension Styles 367 8-5 Units 371 8-6 Aligned Dimensions 373 8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions 375 8-8 Angular Dimensions 379 8-9 Ordinate Dimensions 381 8-10 Baseline Dimensions 384 8-11 Continue Dimension 385 8-12 Quick Dimension 386 8-13 Center Mark 387 8-14 Mleader and Qleader 388 8-15 Text Angle 391 8-16 Tolerances 392 8-17 Dimensioning Holes 392 8-18 Placing Dimensions 394 8-19 Fillets and Rounds 395 8-20 Rounded Shapes (Internal) 395 8-21 Rounded Shapes (External) 396 8-22 Irregular Surfaces 397 8-23 Polar Dimensions 398 8-24 Chamfers 398 8-25 Knurling 399 8-26 Keys and Keyseats 400 8-27 Symbols and Abbreviations 400 8-28 Symmetry and Centerline 401 8-29 Dimensioning to Points 401 8-30 Coordinate Dimensions 402 8-31 Sectional Views 403 8-32 Orthographic Views 404 8-33 Very Large Radii 405 8-34 Exercise Problems 406 Chapter 9 Tolerancing 427 9-1 Introduction 427 9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods 427 9-3 Tolerance Expressions 428 9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances 429 9-5 Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCAD 429 9-6 Limit Tolerances 432 9-7 Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCAD 433 9-8 Angular Tolerances 435 9-9 Standard Tolerances 436 9-10 Double Dimensioning 437 9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions 438 9-12 Tolerance Studies 440 9-13 Rectangular Dimensions 441 9-14 Hole Locations 441 9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole 442 9-16 Sample Problem SP9-1 443 9-17 Sample Problem SP9-2 444 9-18 Standard Fits (Metric Values) 444 9-19 Nominal Sizes 447 9-20 Hole and Shaft Basis 447 9-21 Sample Problem SP9-3 447 9-22 Standard Fits (Inch Values) 448 9-23 Sample Problem SP9-4 449 9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes 449 9-25 Surface Finishes 450 9-26 Surface Control Symbols 452 9-27 Design Problems 453 9-28 Exercise Problems 459 Chapter 10 Geometric Tolerances 473 10-1 Introduction 473 10-2 Tolerances of Form 474 10-3 Flatness 474 10-4 Straightness 475 10-5 Straightness (RFS and MMC) 475 10-6 Circularity 478 10-7 Cylindricity 479 10-8 Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCAD 479 10-9 Tolerances of Orientation 487 10-10 Datums 487 10-11 Perpendicularity 488 10-12 Parallelism 490 10-13 Angularism 491 10-14 Profiles 491 10-15 Runouts 493 10-16 Positional Tolerances 494 10-17 Virtual Condition 496 10-18 Floating Fasteners 496 10-19 Sample Problem SP10-1 497 10-20 Sample Problem SP10-2 498 10-21 Fixed Fasteners 499 10-22 Sample Problem SP10-3 499 10-23 Design Problems 500 10-24 Exercise Problems 503 Chapter 11 Threads and Fasteners 525 11-1 Introduction 525 11-2 Thread Terminology 525 11-3 Thread Callouts (Metric Units) 526 11-4 Thread Callouts (English Units) 526 11-5 Thread Representations 528 11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads 533 11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations 535 11-8 Types of Threads 535 11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread 536 11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread 537 11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread 537 11-12 Bolts and Nuts 539 11-13 Screws 539 11-14 Studs 541 11-15 Head Shapes 541 11-16 Nuts 545 11-17 Sample Problem SP11-1 548 11-18 Sample Problem SP11-2 549 11-19 Standard Screws 550 11-20 Setscrews 551 11-21 Washers 552 11-22 Keys 553 11-23 Rivets 554 11-24 Springs 555 11-25 Tool Palettes 558 11-26 Exercise Problems 561 Chapter 12 Working Drawings 571 12-1 Introduction 571 12-2 Assembly Drawings 571 12-3 Drawing Formats (Templates) 574 12-4 Title Block 576 12-5 Revision Block 578 12-6 Tolerance Block 580 12-7 Release Block 580 12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials-BOM) 581 12-9 Detail Drawings 582 12-10 First-Angle Projection 583 12-11 Drawing Notes 584 12-12 Design Layouts 584 12-13 Sample Problem SP12-1 585 12-14 Sample Problem SP12-2 589 12-15 Sample Problem SP12-3 592 12-16 Exercise Problems 594 Chapter 13 Gears, Bearings, and Cams 617 13-1 Introduction 617 13-2 Types of Gears 617 13-3 Gear Terminology-Spur 618 13-4 Spur Gear Drawings 619 13-5 Sample Problem SP13-1 621 13-6 Sample Problem SP13-2 622 13-7 Sample Problem SP13-3 624 13-8 Selecting Spur Gears 625 13-9 Center Distance Between Gears 626 13-10 Sample Problem SP13-4 627 13-11 Combining Spur Gears 629 13-12 Gear Terminology-Bevel 629 13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears 631 13-14 Worm Gears 633 13-15 Helical Gears 634 13-16 Racks 636 13-17 Ball Bearings 637 13-18 Sample Problem SP13-5 638 13-19 Bushings 639 13-20 Sample Problem SP13-6 640 13-21 Cam Displacement Diagrams 641 13-22 Cam Motions 643 13-23 Cam Followers 647 13-24 Sample Problem SP13-7 648 13-25 Exercise Problems 651 Chapter 14 Fundamentals of 3D Drawing 663 14-1 Introduction 663 14-2 The World Coordinate System 663 14-3 Viewpoints 665 14-4 Perspective and Parallel Grids 668 14-5 3D Modeling 670 14-6 User Coordinate System (UCS) 672 14-7 Editing a Solid Model 678 14-8 Visual Styles 679 14-9 Rotating a UCS Axis 681 14-10 Sample Problem SP14-1 683 14-11 Visual Errors 685 14-12 Sample Problem SP14-2 685 14-13 Orthographic Views 688 14-14 Line Thickness 692 14-15 Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects 695 14-16 Exercise Problems 698 Chapter 15 Modeling 703 15-1 Introduction 703 15-2 Box 703 15-3 Sphere 708 15-4 Cylinder 708 15-5 Cone 710 15-6 Wedge 712 15-7 Torus 714 15-8 Extrude 715 15-9 Revolve 717 15-10 Helix 718 15-11 Polysolid 719 15-12 Loft 720 15-13 Intersect 721 15-14 Union and Subtract 722 15-15 Solid Modeling and UCSs 725 15-16 Combining Solid Objects 727 15-17 Intersecting Solids 732 15-18 Solid Models of Castings 737 15-19 Thread Representations in Solid Models 741 15-20 List 743 15-21 Massprop 743 15-22 Face and Edge Editing 744 15-23 Exercise Problems 752 Index 781 Chapter 16 Projects (Online Only) Appendix (Online Only)