The Human Hypothalamus: Neuroendocrine Disorders, Volume 181 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides comprehensive summaries of recent research on the brain and nervous system as they relate to clinical neurology. This volume summarizes the role of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine disorders, identifying the mechanism of action, disorder etiology, and best practices for assessment and treatment. Disorders covered include pituitary hypothalamic disorders of development and growth, hypothalamic tumor related disorders, hypothalamic autoimmune disorders and infection, disorders of vasopressin, water and sodium homeostasis, eating disorders, and gonadotropic hormone regulation disorders.

1. Introduction: The human hypothalamus and neuroendocrine disorders SECTION 15  Structural disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary region 2. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome  3. Empty sella syndrome: Multiple endocrine disorders  4. Pituitary dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage 5. Septo-optic dysplasia  SECTION 16  Tumors of the hypothalamus 6. Hypothalamic hormone-producing tumors  7. Craniopharyngiomas primarily affecting the hypothalamus  SECTION 17  Neuroimmunological disorders 8. The stress-axis in multiple sclerosis: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects  9. Neuroendocrine manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis  10. Neuroendocrine manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease 11. Hypothalamitis and pituitary atrophy  12. Narcolepsy Type I as an autoimmune disorder  13. Neuromyelitis optica, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and neuroendocrine disorders 14. Antibodies against the pituitary and hypothalamus in boxers 15. Autoimmune diabetes insipidus  SECTION 18  Drinking disorders 16. Neuroimaging of central diabetes insipidus  17. Differential diagnosis of familial diabetes insipidus 18. The vasopressin-aquaporin-2 pathway syndromes  19. Adipsic diabetes insipidus  20. Animal models for diabetes insipidus  21. Nocturnal enuresis in children: The role of arginine-vasopressin SECTION 19  Eating disorders 22. Monogenic human obesity syndromes 23. Hypothalamic microinflammation  24. Glucose and fat sensing in the human hypothalamus  25. Hypothalamus and neuroendocrine diseases: The use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling  26. Prader-Willi syndrome: Hormone therapies 27. Transcriptomics of the Prader-Willi syndrome hypothalamus  28. Disorders of hypothalamic function: Insights from Prader-Willi syndrome and the effects of craniopharyngioma  29. Animal models for Prader-Willi syndrome  30. Is there a hypothalamic basis for anorexia nervosa?  SECTION 20   Reproduction, olfaction and sexual behavior 31. Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: Relationship to gender identity and sexual orientation 32. Klinefelter syndrome or testicular dysgenesis: Genetics, endocrinology, and neuropsychology 33. Neurobiology of puberty and its disorders