Beschreibung:
Management of Concentrate from Desalination Plants provides an overview of the alternatives for managing concentrate generated by brackish water and seawater desalination plants, as well as site-specific factors involved in the selection of the most viable alternative for a given project, and the environmental permitting requirements and studies associated with their implementation. The book focuses on widely used alternatives for disposal of concentrate, including discharge to surface water bodies; disposal to the wastewater collection system; deep well injection; land application; evaporation; and zero liquid discharge.
1. Introduction 2. Concentrate Sources and Characterization 3. Surface Discharge of Concentrate (Discharge to Fresh Surface Waters, Oceans and Bays) 4. Discharge to Sanitary Sewer 5. Deep Well Injection 6. Land application 7. Evaporation ponds 8. Zero liquid discharge concentrate disposal systems 9. Beneficial use of concentrate by-products 10. Regional concentrate management