Sociology: The Core
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ISBN-13:
9780072405354
Veröffentl:
2001
Erscheinungsdatum:
01.07.2001
Seiten:
525
Autor:
Michael Hughes
Gewicht:
830 g
Format:
230x186x21 mm
Sprache:
Englisch
Beschreibung:
Highly respected for its quality scholarship and its focused, straightforward approach to Sociology, the sixth edition of "Sociology: The Core" returns to the core concept with tighter, briefer, more accessible presentation and a very accessible price. Michael Hughes, of Virginia Polytechnic State University, and Carolyn Kroehler, a professional writer, have revised the work of James Vander Zanden, who is now Emeritus Professor of the Ohio State University. As in the previous editions, the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives are applied throughout the book, allowing students to develop a solid understanding of the major sociological perspectives and their applications to the topics covered. "Sociology: The Core, "seeks to make sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, to relate principles to real-world circumstances, and to attune students to the dynamic processes of our rapidly changing contemporary society. The authors have kept this book completely up to date, including data from the 2000 Census whenever possible and new student examples capitalizing on students' desire to read about issues of interest to them.
Chapter One: Developing a Sociological Consciousness
The Sociological Perspective
New Levels of Reality
The Sociological Imagination
Microsociology and Macrosociology
The Development of Sociology
Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology
Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts
Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization
American Sociology
Contemporary Sociology
Theoretical Perspectives
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
Using the Three Perspectives
Conducting Research
The Logic of Science
How Do Sociologists Collect Data?
Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-Up Look
Research Ethics
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
(New) Box 1.1 Issues in Focus: The Reality in the Lives of Inner-City Men
Box 1.2 Doing Social Research: Finding Out about Nannies
Chapter Two: Culture and Social Structure
Components of Culture
Norms
Values
Symbols and Language
Cultural Unity and Diversity
Cultural Universals
Cultural Integration
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subcultures and Countercultures
Social Structure
Statuses
Roles
Groups
Institutions
Societies
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 2.1 Sociology around the World: Cultural Disintegration among the Dinka--No Cattle, No Dignity
Box 2.2 Sociology around the World: What¿s the Best Infant Care? It Depends on Culture
Chapter Three: Socialization
Foundations for Socialization
Nature and Nurture
Theories of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Social Communication
Definition of the Situation The Self and Socialization
Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking Glass Self
George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other
Erving Goffman: Impression Management
Socialization across the Life Course
Childhood
Adolescence
Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Later Adulthood
Death
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 3.1 Sociology around the World: Is ¿Parentese¿ the Same Everywhere?
Box 3.2 Issues in Focus: What Happens to Adolescent Girls--And Why?
Chapter Four: Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Group Relationships
Primary Groups and Secondary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Group Dynamics
Group Size
Leadership
Social Loafing
Social Dilemmas
Groupthink
Conformity
Formal Organizations
Types of Formal Organizations
Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations
Characteristics of Bureaucracies
Problems of Bureaucracy
Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives
Humanizing Bureaucracies
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 4.1 Issues in Focus: Bias Can Be Based on Almost Nothing
Box 4.2 Students Doing Sociology: The Prisoner¿s Dilemma Game
Box. 4.3 Doing Social Research: How Far Will People Go to Obey?
Chapter Five: Deviance and Crime
The Nature of Deviance
Social Properties of Deviance
Social Control and Deviance
Theories of Deviance
Anomie Theory
Cultural Transmission Theory
Conflict Theory
Labeling Theory
Control Theory
Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Forms of Crime
Measuring Crime
Drugs and Crime
Women and Crime
The Criminal Justice System
The Purposes of Imprisonment
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 5.1 Students Doing Sociology: The Social Construction of Deviance
Box 5.3 Sociology around the World: The United States Is Not More Criminal Than Other Countries, Just More Violent
(New) Box 5.2 Doing Social Research: What Explains College Binge Drinking?
Chapter Six: Social Stratification
Patterns of Social Stratification
Open and Closed Systems
Dimensions of Stratification
The American Class System
Is There Inequality in American Society?
Identifying Social Classes
The Significance of Social Classes
Poverty in the United States
Social Mobility
Forms of Social Mobility
Social Mobility and Status Attainment
What Is Happening to the American Dream?
Explanantions of Social Stratification
The Functionalist Theory of Stratification
The Conflict Theory of Stratification
A Synthesis of Perspectives
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 6.1 Sociology around in the World: The Indian Caste System and Race in America
(New) Box 6.2 Doing Social Research: Income Inequality within Societies--A Look around the World
Box 6.3 Issues in Focus: Why Did Doctors Start Delivering Babies?
Chapter Seven: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
Racial and Ethnic Stratification
Races
Ethnic Groups
Minority Groups
The Potential for Conflict and Separation
Prejudice and Discrimination
Prejudice
Discrimination
Institutional Discrimination
Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism
Assimilation
Pluralism
Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States
African Americans
Hispanics
Native Americans
Asian Americans
White Ethnics
Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations
Intergroup Relations
Ethnicity
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 7.1 Doing Social Research: Teasing Out Prejudiced Beliefs
Box 7.2 Students Doing Sociology: Institutional Discrimination
Box 7.3 Sociology around the World: Model Minorities--Does Class or Values Spell Success?
Chapter Eight: Gender Inequality
Gender Stratification
Sexism and Patriarchy
Gender Inequality around the World
Gender Inequality in the United States
Sources of Gender Roles
Gender Roles and Biology
Gender Roles and Culture
Gender Roles and Identity
Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Feminist Perspective
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 8.1 Issues in Focus: ¿How Was Your Day, Dear?¿
Box 8.2 Doing Social Research: How Many People Get Raped?
(New) Box 8.3 Students Doing Sociology: ¿There¿s a Totally Cute Girl Smoking a ___-ing Cigar!¿
Chapter Nine: Political and Economic Power
Power, Authority, and the State
The State
Sociological Perspectives on the State
Legitimacy and Authority
Political Power
Types of Government
Political Power in the United States
Models of Power in the United States
Economic Power
Comparative Economic Systems
Transition from a Command to a Market Economy
The Power of Corporations
The Power of National Corporations
The Power of Multinations Corporations in the Global Economy
The Control of Corporations
The Sociology of Work
Changes in the Work Experience
The Significance of Work
Satisfaction and Alienation in Work
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 9.1 Issues in Focus: What Oppression Teaches: The Long Reach of Disenfranchisement
Box 9.2 Sociology around the World: How Long Has It Been Since You Had a Coke?
Chapter Ten: The Family
Structure of the Family: A Global View
Forms of the Family
Forms of Marriage
Patterns of Courtship
Marriage and the Family in the United States
Life within Marriage
Parenthood
Employed Mothers
Two-Income Families
Beyond the Traditional Nuclear Family
Challenges for American Families and American Society
Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest Child Care
Divorce
Care for the Elderly
Sociological Perspectives on the Family
The Functionalist Perspective on the Family
The Conflict Perspective on the Family
The Interactionist Perspective on the Family
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 10.1 Sociology around the World: A Wide Variety in Family Values
Box 10.2 Doing Social Research: Racial Diversity within Families
Chapter Eleven: Religion, Education, and Medicine
Religion
What is Religion?
A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior
Religious Organizations
Promoting Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic
Adapting Tradition: Religion in Contemporary Life
Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism
State-Church Issues
The Functionalist Perspective on Religion
The Conflict Perspective on Religion
Education
The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools
The Effectiveness of Schools
Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools
The Availability of Higher Education
The Functionalist Perspective on Education
The Conflict Perspective on Education
The Interactionist Perspective on Education
Medicine
The U.S. Health Care Delivery System
Rising Health Care Costs: Is Managed Care the Answer?
Alternatives to the U.S. Health Care System: A Global Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective on Medicine
The Conflict Perspective on Medicine
The Interactionist Perspective on Medicine
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 11.1 Doing Social Research: Is the Significance of Religion Declining in the United States?
Box 11.2 Issues in Focus: When Nurses Can¿t Provide Nursing Care
Chapter Twelve: Population and Environment
Population
Elements in Population Change
Population Composition
Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth
Demographic Transition
Population Policies
The Effects of Crowding
The Urban Environment
The Origin and Evolution of Cities
Patterns of City Growth
Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification
Urban Crisis: Cities in Decline
Sprawling Urban Growth: The Rise in ¿Edge¿ Cities
The Ecological Environment
Human-Environment Interaction: A Closer Look
The Functionalist Perspective on the Environment
The Conflict Perspective on the Environment
The Interactionist Perspective on the Environment
Entering the New Millenn
ium
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 12.1 Doing Social Research: Is Development the Best Contraceptive?
Box 12.2 Sociology around the World: Environmental Problems in Industrialized Russia
Chapter Thirteen: Social Change
A World of Change
Sources of Social Change
Perspectives on Social Change
Social Change in the United States
Social Change in Developing Nations
Collective Behavior
Varieties of Collective Behavior
Preconditions for Collective Behavior
Explanations of Crowd Behavior
Social Movements
Types of Social Movements
Social Revolution
Terrorism
Causes of Social Movements
Looking to the Future
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 13.1 Students Doing Sociology: The Un-TV Experiment
Box 13.2 Issues in Focus: What Keeps People Involved in Social Movements?
Box 13.3 Doing Social Research: Social Change--Can We Predict the Future? We Predict the Future?
The Sociological Perspective
New Levels of Reality
The Sociological Imagination
Microsociology and Macrosociology
The Development of Sociology
Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology
Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts
Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization
American Sociology
Contemporary Sociology
Theoretical Perspectives
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
Using the Three Perspectives
Conducting Research
The Logic of Science
How Do Sociologists Collect Data?
Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-Up Look
Research Ethics
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
(New) Box 1.1 Issues in Focus: The Reality in the Lives of Inner-City Men
Box 1.2 Doing Social Research: Finding Out about Nannies
Chapter Two: Culture and Social Structure
Components of Culture
Norms
Values
Symbols and Language
Cultural Unity and Diversity
Cultural Universals
Cultural Integration
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subcultures and Countercultures
Social Structure
Statuses
Roles
Groups
Institutions
Societies
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 2.1 Sociology around the World: Cultural Disintegration among the Dinka--No Cattle, No Dignity
Box 2.2 Sociology around the World: What¿s the Best Infant Care? It Depends on Culture
Chapter Three: Socialization
Foundations for Socialization
Nature and Nurture
Theories of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Social Communication
Definition of the Situation The Self and Socialization
Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking Glass Self
George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other
Erving Goffman: Impression Management
Socialization across the Life Course
Childhood
Adolescence
Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Later Adulthood
Death
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 3.1 Sociology around the World: Is ¿Parentese¿ the Same Everywhere?
Box 3.2 Issues in Focus: What Happens to Adolescent Girls--And Why?
Chapter Four: Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Group Relationships
Primary Groups and Secondary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Group Dynamics
Group Size
Leadership
Social Loafing
Social Dilemmas
Groupthink
Conformity
Formal Organizations
Types of Formal Organizations
Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations
Characteristics of Bureaucracies
Problems of Bureaucracy
Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives
Humanizing Bureaucracies
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 4.1 Issues in Focus: Bias Can Be Based on Almost Nothing
Box 4.2 Students Doing Sociology: The Prisoner¿s Dilemma Game
Box. 4.3 Doing Social Research: How Far Will People Go to Obey?
Chapter Five: Deviance and Crime
The Nature of Deviance
Social Properties of Deviance
Social Control and Deviance
Theories of Deviance
Anomie Theory
Cultural Transmission Theory
Conflict Theory
Labeling Theory
Control Theory
Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Forms of Crime
Measuring Crime
Drugs and Crime
Women and Crime
The Criminal Justice System
The Purposes of Imprisonment
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 5.1 Students Doing Sociology: The Social Construction of Deviance
Box 5.3 Sociology around the World: The United States Is Not More Criminal Than Other Countries, Just More Violent
(New) Box 5.2 Doing Social Research: What Explains College Binge Drinking?
Chapter Six: Social Stratification
Patterns of Social Stratification
Open and Closed Systems
Dimensions of Stratification
The American Class System
Is There Inequality in American Society?
Identifying Social Classes
The Significance of Social Classes
Poverty in the United States
Social Mobility
Forms of Social Mobility
Social Mobility and Status Attainment
What Is Happening to the American Dream?
Explanantions of Social Stratification
The Functionalist Theory of Stratification
The Conflict Theory of Stratification
A Synthesis of Perspectives
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 6.1 Sociology around in the World: The Indian Caste System and Race in America
(New) Box 6.2 Doing Social Research: Income Inequality within Societies--A Look around the World
Box 6.3 Issues in Focus: Why Did Doctors Start Delivering Babies?
Chapter Seven: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
Racial and Ethnic Stratification
Races
Ethnic Groups
Minority Groups
The Potential for Conflict and Separation
Prejudice and Discrimination
Prejudice
Discrimination
Institutional Discrimination
Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism
Assimilation
Pluralism
Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States
African Americans
Hispanics
Native Americans
Asian Americans
White Ethnics
Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations
Intergroup Relations
Ethnicity
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 7.1 Doing Social Research: Teasing Out Prejudiced Beliefs
Box 7.2 Students Doing Sociology: Institutional Discrimination
Box 7.3 Sociology around the World: Model Minorities--Does Class or Values Spell Success?
Chapter Eight: Gender Inequality
Gender Stratification
Sexism and Patriarchy
Gender Inequality around the World
Gender Inequality in the United States
Sources of Gender Roles
Gender Roles and Biology
Gender Roles and Culture
Gender Roles and Identity
Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Feminist Perspective
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 8.1 Issues in Focus: ¿How Was Your Day, Dear?¿
Box 8.2 Doing Social Research: How Many People Get Raped?
(New) Box 8.3 Students Doing Sociology: ¿There¿s a Totally Cute Girl Smoking a ___-ing Cigar!¿
Chapter Nine: Political and Economic Power
Power, Authority, and the State
The State
Sociological Perspectives on the State
Legitimacy and Authority
Political Power
Types of Government
Political Power in the United States
Models of Power in the United States
Economic Power
Comparative Economic Systems
Transition from a Command to a Market Economy
The Power of Corporations
The Power of National Corporations
The Power of Multinations Corporations in the Global Economy
The Control of Corporations
The Sociology of Work
Changes in the Work Experience
The Significance of Work
Satisfaction and Alienation in Work
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 9.1 Issues in Focus: What Oppression Teaches: The Long Reach of Disenfranchisement
Box 9.2 Sociology around the World: How Long Has It Been Since You Had a Coke?
Chapter Ten: The Family
Structure of the Family: A Global View
Forms of the Family
Forms of Marriage
Patterns of Courtship
Marriage and the Family in the United States
Life within Marriage
Parenthood
Employed Mothers
Two-Income Families
Beyond the Traditional Nuclear Family
Challenges for American Families and American Society
Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest Child Care
Divorce
Care for the Elderly
Sociological Perspectives on the Family
The Functionalist Perspective on the Family
The Conflict Perspective on the Family
The Interactionist Perspective on the Family
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 10.1 Sociology around the World: A Wide Variety in Family Values
Box 10.2 Doing Social Research: Racial Diversity within Families
Chapter Eleven: Religion, Education, and Medicine
Religion
What is Religion?
A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior
Religious Organizations
Promoting Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic
Adapting Tradition: Religion in Contemporary Life
Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism
State-Church Issues
The Functionalist Perspective on Religion
The Conflict Perspective on Religion
Education
The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools
The Effectiveness of Schools
Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools
The Availability of Higher Education
The Functionalist Perspective on Education
The Conflict Perspective on Education
The Interactionist Perspective on Education
Medicine
The U.S. Health Care Delivery System
Rising Health Care Costs: Is Managed Care the Answer?
Alternatives to the U.S. Health Care System: A Global Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective on Medicine
The Conflict Perspective on Medicine
The Interactionist Perspective on Medicine
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 11.1 Doing Social Research: Is the Significance of Religion Declining in the United States?
Box 11.2 Issues in Focus: When Nurses Can¿t Provide Nursing Care
Chapter Twelve: Population and Environment
Population
Elements in Population Change
Population Composition
Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth
Demographic Transition
Population Policies
The Effects of Crowding
The Urban Environment
The Origin and Evolution of Cities
Patterns of City Growth
Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification
Urban Crisis: Cities in Decline
Sprawling Urban Growth: The Rise in ¿Edge¿ Cities
The Ecological Environment
Human-Environment Interaction: A Closer Look
The Functionalist Perspective on the Environment
The Conflict Perspective on the Environment
The Interactionist Perspective on the Environment
Entering the New Millenn
ium
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 12.1 Doing Social Research: Is Development the Best Contraceptive?
Box 12.2 Sociology around the World: Environmental Problems in Industrialized Russia
Chapter Thirteen: Social Change
A World of Change
Sources of Social Change
Perspectives on Social Change
Social Change in the United States
Social Change in Developing Nations
Collective Behavior
Varieties of Collective Behavior
Preconditions for Collective Behavior
Explanations of Crowd Behavior
Social Movements
Types of Social Movements
Social Revolution
Terrorism
Causes of Social Movements
Looking to the Future
The Chapter in Brief
Glossary
Internet Connection
Box 13.1 Students Doing Sociology: The Un-TV Experiment
Box 13.2 Issues in Focus: What Keeps People Involved in Social Movements?
Box 13.3 Doing Social Research: Social Change--Can We Predict the Future? We Predict the Future?
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