I have cured the Empress of Boolampoo of a Cramp she got in her tongue by eating Pork and buttered parsnips .... The Earl of Rochester-17th Century As the modern outpouring of biological information continues at ever­ increasing pace, two kinds of reviews are needed to keep the torrent in manageable form. The one assumes a working knowledge of the field in question and tries to bring the reader up to date by reporting and assessing the recent developments. The other attempts to assimilate the recent developments into a coherent restatement of the whole subject. This book falls in the latter category. Trichinella spiralis infection has been in the medical and biological limelight for more than a century, and interest in it continues una­ bated-as evidenced by what Norman Stoll called the "perennially exuberant" research on trichinosis. The infection seems to offer some­ thing for almost everyone. For the physician, it offers a patient with painful and sometimes fatal disease; for the public-health official, a threat to the commonweal; for the experimental biologist, a life cycle that is unique yet easily and rapidly maintained in the laboratory; for the field ecologist, a symbiont with an affinity for an extraordinary range of wildlife species; for the pork producer, a poorer profit; for the cook, a culinary constraint; and for the diner, a dietary danger. Yet, despite this breadth of interest, and the cascade of new data, the only comprehensive books on the subject in English are those of S.E.

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1 Historical Introduction.- 1. Prologue: Ghosts of Christmas Past and Christmas Present.- 2. A Worm Discovered (1835).- 3. A Nematode Life Cycle Discovered (1835-1860).- 4. From Zoological Curiosity to Lethal Pathogen (1860-1900).- 5. Consequences (Politics and Parasites).- 6. The Recent Past.- References.- 2 Species, and Infraspecific Variation.- 1. Historical Perspective.- 2. A Working Definition of Species.- 3. Terminology.- 4. Distribution of Isolates.- 5. Criteria for Species and Isolates.- 6. Trichinella spiralis var. pseudospiralis-an Enigma.- 7. Speciation in Trichinella.- 8. Future Considerations.- References.- 3 Biology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ingestion of the Infective First-Stage Larva.- 3. Digestion of Host Tissues away from the Infective First-Stage Larva.- 4. Intramulticellular Enterai Niche.- 5. Intracellular Parenteral Niche.- References.- 4 Biochemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Metabolism.- 3. Respiration.- 4. Lipids and Lipid Metabolism.- 5. Nucleic Acids and Nucleic Acid Metabolism: Muscle Larvae.- 6. Proteins and Protein Metabolism: Muscle Larvae and Adult Worms.- 7. Nutrition.- References.- 5 Anatomical Pathology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gastrointestinal Tract.- 3. Striated Muscle.- 4. Other Organs Involved.- References.- 6 Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Phase.- 1. Format of This Review.- 2. Gastrointestinal Symptoms.- 3. Morphological Changes.- 4. Physiological Changes.- 5. Bases for Functional Changes.- 6. Host-Parasite Interrelationships.- 7. Relationships between Pathophysiology and Symptoms.- 8. Summary.- References.- 7 Pathophysiology of the Muscle Phase.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Parasite-Induced Modifications in Host Striated Skeletal Muscle.- 3. Cardiopathophysiology in Trichinosis.- References.- 8 TheImmune Response.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunity and the Intestinal Phase.- 3. Immunity and Newborn Larvae.- 4. Genetic Influences on Immunity to Trichinella.- 5. Stage Specificity of the Immune Response.- References.- 9 Antigens.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Source of Antigens.- 3. Enumeration, Isolation, and Characterization of Antigens.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 10 Chemotherapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Chemotherapy.- 3. Clinical Chemotherapy.- References.- 11 Clinical Aspects in Man.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Infection and Disease.- 3. Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Pathology.- 4. Diagnosis.- 5. Management and Treatment.- References.- 12 Immunodiagnosis in Man.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunodiagnostic Methods.- 3. Evaluation and Recommendation.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. Protocols for Indirect Immunofluorescence and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.- References.- 13 Epidemiology I: Modes of Transmission.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sylvatic Cycle.- 3. Domestic Cycle.- 4. Special Epidemiological Circumstances.- 5. Susceptible Host Species.- References.- 14 Epidemiology II: Geographic Distribution and Prevalence.- 1. Introduction.- 2. North America.- 3. Europe.- 4. Scandinavia.- 5. Eastern Europe.- 6. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.- 7. Asia.- 8. Africa.- 9. Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands.- References.- 15 Control I: Public-Health Aspects (with Special Reference to the United States).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mechanisms of Control.- 3. Measures Adopted in the United States.- References.- 16 Control II: Surveillance in Swine and other Animals by Muscle Examination.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Trichinoscopic Method.- 3. Basic Digestion Method.- 4. Pooled Digestion Methods.- 5. Other Direct Diagnostic Methods.- 6. Summary.- References.- 17 Control III: Surveillancein Swine by Immunodiagnostic Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Serological Methods.- 3. Sensitivity and Specificity.- 4. Antigen Preparation and Purification.- 5. Evaluation of Serological Methods in Various Geographic Areas.- 6. Mechanization.- 7. Surveillance by Serological Methods.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Appendix 1 Synopsis of Morphology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Morphology of the Adult Male.- 3. Morphology of the Adult Female.- 4. Morphology of the Infective First-Stage Larva.- References.- Appendix 2 Laboratory Techniques.- Methods.- References.