An edited volume on the history and culture of Afro-Latino/as in the US

Acknowledgments xiiiEditorial Note xvIntroduction 1I. Historical Background before 1900The Earliest Africans in North America / Peter H. Wood 19Black Pioneers: The Spanish-Speaking Afroamericans of the Southwest / Jack D. Forbes 27Slave and Free Women of Color in the Spanish Ports of New Orleans, Mobile, and Pensacola / Virginia Meacham Gould 38Afro-Cubans in Tampa / Susan D. Greenbaum 51Excerpt from Pulling the Muse from the Drum / Adrian Castro 62II. Arturo Alfonso SchomburgExcerpt from Racial Integrity: A Plea for the Establishment of a Chair of Negro History in Our Schools and Colleges / Arturo Alfonso Schomburg 67The World of Arturo Alfonso Schomburg / Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof 70Invoking Arturo Schomburg's Legacy in Philadelphia / Evelyne Laurent-Perrault 92III. Afro-Latin@s on the Color LineBlack Cuban, Black American / Evelio Grillo 99A Puerto Rican in New York and Other Sketches / Jesus Colon 113Melba Alvarado, El Club Cubano Inter-Americano, and the Creation of Afro-Cubanidades in New York City / Nancy Raquel Mirabel 120An Uneven Playing Field: Afro-Latinos in Major League Baseball / Adrian Burgos Jr. 127Changing Identities: An Afro-Latino Family Portrait / Gabriel Haslip-Viera 142Eso era tremendo!: An Afro-Cuban Musician Remembers / Graciela Perez Gutierrez 150IV. Roots of Salsa: Afro-Latin@ Popular MusicFrom "Indianola" to "No Colá": The Strange Career of the Afro-Puerto Rican Musician / Ruth Glasser 157Excerpt from cu/bop / Louis Reyes Rivera 176Bauzá–Gillespie–Latin/JAzz: Difference, Modernity, and the Black Caribbean / Jairo Moreno 177Contesting that Damned Mambo: Arsenio Rodriguez and the People of El Barrio and the Bronx in the 1950s / David F. Garcia 187Boogaloo and Latin Soul / Juan Flores 199Excerpt from the salsa of bethesda fountain / Tato Laviera 207V. Black Latin@ SixtiesHair Conking: Buy Black / Carlos Cooks 211Carlos A. Cooks: Dominican Garveyite in Harlem / Pedro R. Rivera 215Down These Mean Streets / Piri Thomas 219African Things / Victor Hernandez Cruz 232Black Notes and "You Do Something to Me" / Sandra Maria Esteves 233Before People Called Me a Spic, They Called Me a Nigger / Pablo "Yoruba" Guzman 235Excerpt from Jíbaro, My Pretty Nigger / Felipe Luciano 244The Yoruba Orisha Tradition Comes to New York City / Marta Moreno Vega 245Reflections and Lived Experiences of Afro-Latin@ Religiosity / Luis Barrios 252Discovering Myself / Un Testimonio / Josefina Baez 266VI. Afro-LatinasThe Black Puerto Rican Woman in Contemporary American Society / Angela Jorge 269Something Latino Was Up with Us / Spring Redd 276Excerpt from Poem for My Grifa-Rican Sistah, or Broken Ends Broken Promises / Mariposa (María Teresa Fernandez) 280Latinegras: Desired Women—Undesirable Mothers, Daughters, Sisters, and Wives / Marta I. Cruz-Janzen 282Letter to a Friend / Nilaja Sun 296Uncovering Mirrors: Afro-Latina Lesbian Subjects / Ana M. Lara 298The Black Bellybutton of a Bongo / Marianela Medrano 314VII. Public Images and (Mis)RepresentationsNotes on Eusebia Cosme and Juano Hernandez / Miriam Jimenez Roman 319Desde el Mero Medio: Race Discrimination within the Latino Community / Carlos Flores 323Displaying Identity: Dominicans in the Black Mosaic of Washington, D.C. / Ginetta E. B. Candelario 326Bringing the Soul: Afros, Black Empowerment, and Lucecita Benítez / Yeidy M. Rivero 343Can BET Make You Black? Remixing and Reshaping Latin@s on Black Entertainment Television / Ejima Baker 358The Afro-Latino Connection: Can this group be the bridge to a broadbased Black-Hispanic alliance? / Alan Hughes and Milca Esdaille 364VIII. Afro-Latin@s in the Hip Hop ZoneGhettocentricity, Blackness, and Pan-Latinidad / Raquel Z. Rivera 373Chicano Rap Roots: Afro-Mexico and Black-Brown Cultural Exchange / Pancho McFarland 387The Rise and Fall of Reggaeton: From Daddy Yankee to Tego Calderon and Beyond / Wayne Marshall 396Do Platanos Go wit' Collard Greens? / David Lamb 404Divas Don't Yield / Sofia Quintero 411IX. Living Afro-LatinidadsAn Afro-Latina's Quest for Inclusion / Yvette Modestin 417Retracing Migration: From Samana to New York and Back Again / Ryan Mann-Hamilton 422Negotiating among Invisibilities: Tales of Afro-Latinidades in the United States / Vielka Cecilia Hoy 426We Are Black Too: Experiences of a Honduran Garifuna / Aida Lambert 431Profile of an Afro-Latina: Black, Mexican, Both / Maria Rosario Jackson 434Enrique Patterson: Black Cuban Intellectual in Cuban Miami / Antonio Lopez 439Reflections about Race by a Negrito Acomplejao / Eduardo Bonilla-Silva 445Divisible Blackness: Reflections on Heterogeneity and Racial Identity / Silvio Torres-Saillant 453Nigger-Reecan Blues / Willie Perdomo 467X. Afro-Latin@s: Present and Future TensesHow Race Counts for Hispanic Americans / John R. Logan 471Bleach in the Rainbow: Latino Ethnicity and Preferences for Whiteness / William A. Darity Jr., Jason Dietrich, and Darrick Hamilton 485Brown Like Me? / Ed Morales 499Against the Myth of Racial Harmony in Puerto Rico / Afro-Puerto Rican Testimonies Project 508Mexican Ways, African Roots / Lisa Hoppenjans and Ted Richardson 512Afro-Latin@s and the Latino Workplace / Tanya Kateri Hernandez 520Racial Politics in Multiethnic America: Black and Latina/o Identities and Coalitions 527Afro-Latinism in United States Society: A Commentary / James Jennings 540Sources and Permissions 547Contributors 551Index 559