This study provides a comprehensive critical inquiry of the exploration, conquest, and evangelization of the Americas by Spain from Columbus's first voyage to the death of Las Casas. The author examines the conflicting interpretations of Columbus and presents the narrative of conquest along with that of native resistance, genocide, and the introduction of African slavery. Traboulay also describes and analyzes the struggles, arguments, achievements, and failures of Las Casas and others. By focusing on both Columbus and Las Casas, the author seeks to present a broader perspective of the conquest without diminishing the tragedy that occurred. Contents: Preface; Columbus: The Legend; Columbus: The Enterprise of the Indies; Resistance, Death: Slavery; The Voyages: European Hegemony and World History; The Mission to Christianize; Sixteenth Century Scholasticism: The Influence of Vitoria; Alonso de la Vera Cruz, Colonial Universities, and the Rights of Native Americans; Alonso de Zorita and the Rationality of the Native Americans; Bartolome de Las Casas and the Issues of the Great Debate of 1550-51; Epilogue; Bibliography; Index.