I. Towards Philosophy Jan Srzednicki 3 LOGICAL CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS Jerzy Perzanowski ONTOLOGIES AND ONTOLOGICS 23 Elizabeth Anscombe TRUTH, SENSE AND ASSERTION, OR: WHAT PLATO SHOULD HAVE TOLD THE SOPHISTS 43 Peter Geach IDENTITY OVER TIME 47 Joseph M. Font, Ventura Verdu 53 TWO LEVELS OF MODALITY: AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH Boguslaw Wolniewicz 63 ELZENBERG'S LOGIC OF VALUES Jerzy Szymura WHEN MAY G. E. MOORE'S DEFINITION OF AN INTERNAL RELATION BE USED RATIONALLY? 71 II. Historical Perspective J6zef M. Bochenski HISTORY OF LOGIC AND THE CRITERIA OF RATIONALITY 85 Jan Waszkiewicz, Agnieszka Wojciechowska ON THE ORIGIN OF REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM 87 vi CONTENTS Ewa ~arnecka-Bialy PREMONITION OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC IN ARISTOTLE'S PRIOR ANALYTICS 97 Leopold Regner "IMPOSSIBlLIA" OF SIGER OF BRABANT 107 Tomasz Weber DEFENDING THESES IN MATHEMATICS AT A 19TH CENTURY UNIVERSITY 113 Gerhardt PlBchl BASIC NORM AND METALANGUAGE. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KELSEN'S IDEAS 125 m. Logic and Natural Language Marek Tokarz EARLY SYSTEMS OF FORMAL PRAGMATICS 151 Barbara Stanosz DEDUCTION AND THE CONCEPT OF ASSERTION 159 Helmut Metzler METHODOLOGICAL INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN CONCEPTUALIZATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION IN EMPIRICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES 167 Jaroslaw Fall GAME-THEORETICAL SEMANTICS APPLIED TO DEFINITE DESCRIPTIONS AND ANAPHORA 177 Karl-Heinz Krampitz ON LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ORDINARY SENTENCES 191 Anna Madarasz GAME THEORETICAL SEMANTICS WITH VALUE-GAPS AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 199 Andrzej Lachwa THE SEMANTIC AND FORMAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TEXT COMPONENTS 221 Index of Names 227 L. . ::1. . ~t G. Elizabeth ANSCOMBE - University of Cambridge, England J6zef M.

I. Towards Philosophy.- Logical Concerns of Philosophical Analysis.- Ontologies and Ontologics.- Truth, Sense and Assertion, or: What Plato Should Have Told the Sophists.- Identity over Time.- Two Levels of Modality: An Algebraic Approach.- Elzenberg's Logic of Values.- When May G.E.Moore's Definition of an Internal Relation Be Used Rationally?.- II. Historical Perspective.- History of Logic and the Criteria of Rationality.- On the Origin of Reductio AD Absurdum.- Premonition of Mathematical Logic in Aristotle's Prior Analytics.- "Impossibilia" of Siger of Brabant.- Defending Theses in Mathematics at a 19th Century University.- Basic Norm and Metalanguage. Historical Background of Kelsen's Ideas.- III. Logic and Natural Language.- Early Systems of Formal Pragmatics.- Deduction and the Concept of Assertion.- Methodological Interdependencies between Conceptualization and Operationalization in Empirical Social Sciences.- Game-Theoretical Semantics Applied to Definite Descriptions and Anaphora.- On Logical Analysis of Ordinary Sentences.- Game Theoretical Semantics with Value-Gaps and Discourse Analysis.- The Semantic and Formal Connections between Text Components.- Index of Names.