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Preface. Contributors. Acknowledgments. I. BASICS. 1. XQuery: A Guided Tour. Sample Data: A Bibliography. Data Model. Literals and Comments. Input Functions. Locating Nodes: Path Expressions. Creating Nodes: Element, Attribute, and Document Constructors. Combining and Restructuring Nodes. FLWOR Expressions. Quantifiers. Conditional Expressions. Operators. Arithmetic Operators. Comparison Operators. Sequence Operators. Built-in Functions. User-Defined Functions. Variable Definitions. Library Modules. External Functions and Variables. Types in XQuery. Introduction to XQuery Types. Schemas and Types. Sequence Types. Working with Types. Summary. II. BACKGROUND. 2. Influences on the Design of XQuery. The Need for an XML Query Language. Basic Principles. The Query Data Model. Related Languages and Standards. XML and Namespaces. XML Schema. XPath. Other Query Languages. Watershed Issues. Issue 1: Handling of Untyped Data. Issue 2: Unknown and Inapplicable Data. Issue 3: What Is a Type? Issue 4: Element Constructors. Issue 5: Static Typing. Issue 6: Function Resolution. Issue 7: Error Handling. Issue 8: Ordering Operators. Conclusion. 3. XQuery, XPath, and XSLT. XSLT: A Quick Introduction. XPath 1.0. Why Was a New Query Language Needed? Differing Requirements. Differing Cultures. Convergence: XPath 2.0. XSLT and XQuery Compared. XML-Based Syntax. Semantics of Element Construction. Functions and Named Templates. FLWOR Expressions. Template Rules. Axes. Type Strictness. Optimization Techniques. Where Does the Time Go? Internal Coding Efficiency. Pipelining and Lazy Evaluation. Expression Rewriting. Using Type Information. Conclusion. III. FORMAL UNDERPINNINGS. 4. Static Typing in XQuery. The Benefits of Static Typing. An XQuery Programming Scenario. Debugging. Validation. Static Typing. Getting Started with Types. XML Schema and XQuery Types. Values. Sequence Types. Schema Import. Relating Values and Types. Literals and Operators. Variables. Functions. Conditionals. Path Expressions. Predicates. FLWOR Expressions. Element Construction. Validation Context. Validation Mode. A Final Example: Grouping. Conclusions. 5. Introduction to the Formal Semantics. The Benefits of a Formal Semantics. Getting Started with the Formal Semantics. Dynamic Semantics. Environments. Matching Values and Types. Errors. Static Semantics. Type Soundness. Evaluation Order. Normalization. Finishing Getting Started. Learning More about XQuery. Values and Types. Matching and Subtyping. FLWOR Expressions. Path Expressions. Implicit Coercions and Function Calls. Node Identity and Element Constructors. The Forest through the Trees. IV. DATABASES. 6. Mapping between XML and Relational Data. Framing the Problem. Processing Models. Application Types. Sources of XML Data. LOB or Compose? Composition Techniques: Common Concepts. Generation of XML Structure through Hierarchical Joins. Generation of XML Structure through Hierarchical Grouping. Composition Techniques: Examples. Default Mapping. Extended SQL. Annotated XML Template. Additional Mapping Languages. Shredding. Creation of the Database. Adding Extra Information to the Composition. Inlining and Consolidation. Support of Full XML. Schema-Independent Representation. Implementation Concepts. Emitting XML Documents. Querying and Updating XML Documents. Conclusion. 7. Integrating XQuery and Relational Database Systems. Getting Started. Relational Storage of XML: The XML Type. Logical Models for the XML Datatype. Physical Models for the XML Datatype. Encodings and Collations. Typing an XML Datatype. Other Aspects of the XML Datatype. Integrating XQuery and SQL: Querying XML Datatypes. XQuery Functionality in SQL. Augmenting the XQuery Static Context. Providing Access to SQL Data inside XQuery. Adding XQuery Function Libraries. A Note on the XQuery Data Modification Language. Physical Mappings of XQuery. Issues of Combining SQL, XML Datatype, and XQuery. Top-Level XQuery. XML Document (Fragment) Collections. XML Views over Relational Data. Conclusion and Issues. 8. A Native XML DBMS. What Is XML Data? XML as Text. XML Data Model. Interfaces to a Native XML Database. Interoperability. Data-Definition Interfaces. Update Interfaces. Database Configuration Interfaces. A Database Command Language. Collections and Storage. XQuery Client APIs. Full-Text Search in a Native XML Database. Sample Applications. Invoice Archive. A Content Management Application. Conclusion. References. Glossary. Index.